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. 2021 Jun 13;16(1):168–214. doi: 10.1177/19322968211007212

Table 3.

Consumer features of NIO-GM, NIFS-GM, or MI-GM Identified Products (in Alphabetical Order Within Each Category of Invasiveness).

Entry number Product and manufacturer Degree of invasiveness Measurement cycle Pricing model Size/Form factor
1 No product name; Afon Technology NIO-GM Continuous 86 One purchase of a wristwatch 86 Wearable wristwatch 86
2 Alertgy-NI-GM; Alertgy NIO-GM Continuous 88 One purchase of a wristwatch – no disposables announced 289 Wearable wristwatch 289
3 No product name; AnnNIGM NIO-GMk Continuous 223 One purchase of an earlobe clip. No disposables announced. 223 Earlobe clip with a wraparound wire. 223
4 Add on to the Apple Watch; Apple NIO-GM Continuous Add on to the Apple Watch 90 Wearable wristwatch 90
5 BioMKR;
Prediktor Medical 		NIO-GM Continuous 225 One purchase of a device – no disposables announced 225 Wearable wristwatch 225
6 Blood Analysis Sensor; Brolis Sensor Technology NIO-GM Continuous (based on sensor description that measurements are real-time and gathered in a fraction of a second) 227 No information available. Working on a wearable on-the-chip system 227
7 CompanionCM; Socrates Health Solutions NIO-GM Continuous 290 Purchase of earpiece sensor as indicated in image on product website. 290 No other information available. Earpiece 98
8 CompanionSR; Socrates Health Solutions NIO-GM Intermittent 290 Purchase of a glucose monitor as indicated in image on product website. 290 No other information available. Device image can be found on product website. 290 No other information available.
9 D-Band; DiaMonTech NIO-GM Continuous 102 One purchase of a device – no disposables announced 102 Wearable wristwatch 102
10 D-Base; DiaMonTech NIO-GM Intermittent 102 One purchase of a device – no disposables announced 102 The D-Base is the size of a shoebox. 102
11 D-Pocket; DiaMonTech NIO-GM Intermittent 102 One purchase of a device – no disposables announced 102 Handheld pocket-sized device. 102
12 GlucoBeam; RSP Systems NIO-GM Intermittent 104 One purchase of a device – no disposables announced 104 Portable, handheld device 104
13 GlucoFit; GlucoActive NIO-GM Intermittent 291 One purchase of a device 291 Wearable armband 291
14 Gluco Quantum; Genki Vantage Ltd NIO-GM Intermittent 109 One purchase of device- no disposables announced 109 Portable, handheld device 109
15 Glucosense; Glucosense Diagnostics Ltd NIO-GM Intermittent but working to make continuous wearable forms. 292 One purchase of device- no disposables announced 232 Portable, handheld device 232
16 GlucoStation; GlucoActive NIO-GM Intermittent 291 One purchase of a device 291 Stationary device, around the size of a lunchbox. 291
17 GlucoTrack; Integrity Applications Ltd NIO-GM Intermittent 293 One purchase of a device. Each personal ear cuff must be replaced every 6 months. 294 Portable, handheld device, with cuff that clips onto earlobe 293
18 GlucoWear; GlucoActive NIO-GM Intermittent 291 One purchase of a device 291 Wearable wristwatch 291
19 GlucoWise; MediWiSe NIO-GM Intermittent 238 One purchase of a device – no disposables announced 238 Small, portable device that fits between the thumb and forefinger 238
20 Glutrac; Add Care Ltd NIO-GM Continuous 119 One purchase of a device – no disposables announced 119 Wearable wristwatch 119
21 HELO Extense; Wor(l)d Master Distributors NIO-GM Intermittent 239 Purchase of a HELO Extense glucose sensor and either HELO LX wristband ($199+ USD) or HELO LX+ ($399+ USD). No disposables announced. 295 Manufacturer is described as using a multi-level marketing practice. 296 Fingertip clamp sensor 239
22 HELO LX PRO; Wor(l)d Master Distributors NIO-GM Continuous 295 One purchase of a device, no disposables announced. 295 Manufacturer is described as using a multi-level marketing practice. 296 Wearable wristband 295
23 LIFELEAF; LifePlus NIO-GM Intermittent 297 One purchase of a device- no disposables announced 297 Wearable wristwatch 297
24 Movano Wearable CGM; Movano NIO-GM Continuous 126 One purchase of a device – no disposables announced 126 Wearable wristwatch 126
25 No product name; Omni Sciences, Inc. NIO-GM No information available. No information available. Developing a wearable 242
26 Sanmina; Sanmina Corporation NIO-GM Intermittent No information available. Image provided by company representative presented in Table 5 shows form factor similar to a standard pulse oximeter. 298
27 TensorTip Combo Glucometer; Cnoga Medical Ltd NIO-GM Intermittent 245 A purchased device also comes with glucose test strips kit for calibration purposes 245 42.8 mm × 48 mm × 82 mm 245
28 Uband; Know Labs, Inc. NIO-GM Continuous 246 One purchase of a device – no disposables announced 246 Wearable wristwatch 246
29 Bios; GraphWear Technologies Inc. NIFS-GM Continuous 247 Patch sensor 89 No information available.
30 gSense; Nutrix NIFS-GM Intermittent 249 One purchase of a sensor 249 Toothbrush-sized 249
31 NextGen; CGM Echo Therapeutics NIFS-GM Continuous 250 Includes self-use exfoliator, exfoliator tip, sensor, reusable transmitter, battery 44 No information available.
32 Saliva Glucose Biosensor; Gbs Inc. NIFS-GM Intermittent 299 Disposable strips 140 No dimensions mentioned on website. In images, looks to be a small one- to 2-inch-long thin strip 299
33 sugarBEAT; Nemaura Medical NIFS-GM Continuous 141 Non-insulin users: $30/month annual subscription. 8 patches/month, transmitter, and recharger. 252 Insulin users: $55/month annual subscription. 16 patches/month, transmitter, and recharger. 252 No information available.
34 Tear Glucose Sensor; NovioSense NIFS-GM Continuous 144 One purchase of a device – no information on whether or not the device needs to be replaced 144 Very small, flexible coil that is placed in the bottom eyelid; 15 mm long and 1.3 mm in diameter 258
35 AiDex CGM; GlucoRx (Rebranding of MicroTech Medical) MI-GM Continuous The sensor must be replaced every 14 days. The transmitter is designed to last 4 years. 255 No dimensions. The sensor is described as small and flexible. The transmitter is compact. 255
36 Biolinq CGM; Biolinq MI-GM Continuous 149 Purchase of silicon enclosure with battery and sensor, replaceable adhesives 149 1 mm length 148
37 Care Sense Air; i-SENS MI-GM Continuous 89 No information available. No information available.
38 Cascade CGM System; Waveform MI-GM Continuous 300 Purchase of disposable sensors 301 Size of United States nickel, 302 which is 21.21 mm in diameter. 303
39 CT-100; POCTech X Ascensia MI-GM Continuous 258 Purchase of disposable sensors 258 10 mm × 0.3 mm (L × W, approximate) 258
40 Dexcom G6; Dexcom MI-GM Continuous 159 Transmitter: $237 G6 receiver: $365 Box of G6 sensors (3 pack): $349 304 Transmitter/sensor size: 1.8 in × 1.2 in × 0.6 in 0.42 oz. with sensor. Receiver size: 4.02 in × 2.44 in × 0.46 in. 3.3 oz. 305
41 Dexcom G7; Dexcom MI-GM Continuous No information available. Sensor size smaller than Dexcom G6 306
42 Eclipse 3 iCGM; GlySens Implanted MI-GM Continuous 307 Sensor has expected 2-year life 307 3.4 cm diameter, 1.5 cm thick for previous prototype but making the implant smaller 262
43 Eversense; Senseonics Implanted MI-GM Continuous 58 $99 308 Transmitter/sensor size:
1.48 in × 1.89 in × 0.35 in. 0.39 oz. 305
44 FiberSense Technology CGM; EyeSense MI-GM Continuous 265 Disposable sensors. No pricing information. 265 No information available.
45 FreeStyle Libre 14 day; Abbott Diabetes Care MI-GM Continuous 309 Most commercially insured patients pay between $10 and $75 per month for FreeStyle Libre 14 day sensors. One purchase of reader. 309 Transmitter/sensor size: 5 mm height 35 mm diameter 267
46 FreeStyle Libre 2; Abbott Diabetes Care MI-GM Continuous 309 Covered by Medicare in the USA. Considered to be 70% lower cost than most CGMs depending on insurance coverage 310 Transmitter/sensor size: 5 mm height, 35 mm diameter 269
47 FreeStyle Libre 3; Abbott Diabetes Care MI-GM Continuous 311 The FreeStyle Libre 3 will be the same price as previous FreeStyle Libre CGM systems, at $109 per month. 312 About the size of 2 United States pennies stacked. 313
48 Glucomen Day CGM; Menarini Diagnostics MI-GM Continuous 271 £139 per month if you subscribe. Rechargeable transmitter, disposable sensors. 180 Sensor + transmitter size: 3.5 cm × 2.5 cm × 0.9 cm 271
49 Glunovo i3 CGM; Infinovo MI-GM Continuous 273 - Starter Kit: 1 Glunovo Transmitter and 2 Glunovo Sensors.
- Monthly Package: 2 Glunovo Sensors.
- Annual Package: 25 Glunovo Sensors and 6 sensors shipped every 3 months. 314 		Transmitter size: 33 mm × 19 mm × 4 mm 273
50 Glyde CGM; GluSense Implanted MI-GM Continuous 185 The sensor has to be replaced every year. 186 No information available.
51 Indigo CGM; Indigo Implanted MI-GM Continuous 315 No information available. No information available.
52 No product name; Integrated Medical Sensors Implanted MI-GM Continuous 190 It is estimated that the sensor must be replaced every 6 months. 189 Smaller than a sesame seed. 190
53 No product name; One Drop (acquired Sano Intelligence, Inc., which was developing patch biosensor glucose monitor) 192 MI-GM Continuous 192 Biosensor patch192,194,276 No information available.
54 K’Watch; PKvitality MI-GM Continuous 277 Expected to be set at $199 for the K’Watch. K’apsul Sensor that is replaceable on the watch expected to be set at $99 per month. 316 Watch size. 277
55 Lumee; Profusa Implanted MI-GM Continuous 279 Will have a transmitter and sensor that is inserted under the skin. 279 Approx 5 mm in length and 500 microns in diameter. 279
56 Medtronic Guardian Connect (Powered by Medtronic Guardian Sensor 3); Medtronic MiniMed MI-GM Continuous 317 Starts at $50/month based on typical 20% copay with insurance 318 1.41 in × 1.13 in × 0.38 in. 0.04 oz. with sensor 305
57 Medtronic Synergy; Medtronic MiniMed MI-GM Continuous 282 No information available. Sensor 50% smaller than Guardian Sensor 3. 319
58 Medtronic Zeus; Medtronic MiniMed MI-GM Continuous 282 No information available. Same size and shape as Guardian Sensor 3. 320
59 No product name; Metronom Health MI-GM Continuous 283 Transmitter with sensor. 283 As thin as 2 human hairs in width 321
60 PercuSense CGM; PercuSense MI-GM Continuous 284 Transmitter with disposable sensor. 284 No information available.
61 Sanvita; Sanvita Medical, LLC and LifeScan MI-GM Continuous 210 No information available. No information available.
62 Sencell; LifeCare AS Implanted MI-GM Continuous 322 Implant sensor and wristwatch. No disposables announced. 323 Sensor size: 2 mm × 3 mm × 6 mm 323
63 SugarSenz; Glucovation MI-GM Continuous 287 The sensor must be replaced every 7-10 days. The transmitter is designed to last longer than a year. 214 The sensor is a thin adhesive that sticks to the skin. The transmitter is the size of a smartphone. 214
64 SynerG; Pacific Diabetes Technologies MI-GM Continuous 324 One purchase of a transmitter. Disposable sensors. 324 Dimensions unavailable. Sensor worn on the abdomen as indicated by manufacturer’s website picture. 324
65 TouchCare System A6; Medtrum MI-GM Continuous 325 One purchase of a transmitter. Disposable sensors. 325 76.2 mm × 48.4 mm × 9.375 mm 325

Abbreviations: CGM, continuous glucose monitor; MI-GM, minimally invasive glucose monitor; NIFS-GM, noninvasive fluid sensing glucose monitor; NIO-GM, noninvasive glucose monitor.