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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2022 Sep 15.
Published in final edited form as: Water Res. 2021 Jul 31;203:117485. doi: 10.1016/j.watres.2021.117485

Fig. 5.

Fig. 5.

Concentration ratios of common cations in the IX softener effluent as compared to the raw water through one service cycle at Systems (A) A, (B) B, (C) C in November 2012, (D) C in March 2013, and (E) D. Note that the volume of water treated in one service cycle is system-specific based on plant conditions and hardness removal goals.