. 2022 Jan 3;110(6):641–648. doi: 10.1007/s00223-021-00938-w

Table 5.

The intervention, control, reported outcomes, and authors conclusion of the included studies examining the influence of gluten-free diet

Study’s first author, year	Intervention	Control	Reported outcomes	Results
Passananti (2011) [15]	Gluten-free diet after 2 and 5 years	Before intervention	BMD	The mean BMD at femur was higher than that at diagnosis for the femoral neck and for Ward’s triangle, and no significant increase in the BMD was observed for the spine The 5-year FU showed an increase of BMD at the femur and at the spine, for both being the BMD higher than at diagnosis
Zanchetta (2015) [16]	Gluten-free diet after 1 year	Before intervention -group of healthy controls	BMD and T-score	BMD, reported as g/cm², and DXA T-score increased significantly at all regions evaluated (LS: 2.8%, FN: 2.5%, TH: 3.7%, and distal radius: 3.7%)

Study’s first author, year

Intervention

Control

Reported outcomes

Results

Passananti (2011) [15]

Gluten-free diet after 2 and 5 years

Before intervention

BMD

The mean BMD at femur was higher than that at diagnosis for the femoral neck and for Ward’s triangle, and no significant increase in the BMD was observed for the spine

The 5-year FU showed an increase of BMD at the femur and at the spine, for both being the BMD higher than at diagnosis

Zanchetta (2015) [16]

Gluten-free diet after 1 year

Before intervention -group of healthy controls

BMD and T-score

BMD, reported as g/cm², and DXA T-score increased significantly at all regions evaluated (LS: 2.8%, FN: 2.5%, TH: 3.7%, and distal radius: 3.7%)