Table 1. Airborne transmission of respiratory viruses.
Representative evidence of airborne transmission for various respiratory viruses and their basic reproduction number. Cells with dashes indicate not applicable.
| Virus name | Scope of studies and/or approaches |
Basic
reproduction number (R0) |
||||||
|
Air
sampling and PCR |
Air sampling
and cell culture |
Animal
models |
Laboratory
or clinical studies |
Epidemiological
analysis |
Simulation
and modeling |
Size-resolved
information |
||
| SARS-CoV | (31) | (31) | – | (30) | (30) | (30) | – | 2.0–3.0 (197) |
| MERS-CoV | (32) | (32, 103) | (103, 198) | (32) | – | – | – | 0.50–0.92 (197) |
| SARS-CoV-2 | (41–44) | (34, 35, 40) |
(33, 37, 199) |
(34, 45, 107) |
(36, 64, 71, 72, 186) |
(36, 50) | (34, 41, 43) | 1.4–8.9 (57, 58) |
| Influenza virus | (22, 23, 98, 102, 106) |
(23, 98, 101) |
(24, 137, 200, 201) |
(24, 138, 202, 203) |
(20) | (20, 114, 204) | (23, 105, 106) | 1.0–21 (205) |
| Rhinovirus | (9, 27) | (26, 28) | – | (26–28) | – | (27) | (9) | 1.2–2.7 (205) |
| Measles virus | (16) | (16) | – | – | (17) | (17) | (16) | 12–18 (206) |
| Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) | (102) | (25) | – | (25) | – | – | (25) | 0.9–21.9 (205) |