Table 1.
Comparing Characteristics of Children Aged 0 to 59 Months Who Died Versus Those Who Survived After Treatment for Intussusception at Referral Hospitals in Kenya, 2002—2013
| Background Characteristic | All (N = 280) | Died (n = 18) | Survived (n = 262) | P a |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Demographic characteristics (n [%]) | ||||
| Child age | ||||
| 0–5 mo | 81 (28.9) | 9 (50) | 72 (27.4) | .195 |
| 6–11 mo | 11 (39.3) | 6 (33.3) | 105 (40.1) | |
| 12–23 mo | 43 (15.4) | 2 (11.1) | 41 (15.7) | |
| 24–59 mo | 45 (16.1) | 1 (5.6) | 44 (16.8) | |
| Median (IQR) age of patients (mo) | 7.0 (5–14) | 5.5 (4.0–9.0) | 7.0 (5.0–14.0) | .04 |
| Gender (n [%])b | ||||
| Male | 186 (66.4) | 11 (61.1) | 175 (67) | .611 |
| Female | 93 (33.2) | 7 (38.9) | 86 (33) | |
| Days before seeking care (median [IQR]) | 3 (2–6) | 5 (3–9) | 3 (2–5) | .04 |
| Days to death/discharge upon recovery after admission (median [IQR]) | 5 (3–8) | 2 (1–6) | 6 (4–8) | .01 |
| Clinical features (n [%]) | ||||
| Fever | 177 (63.2) | 17 (94.4) | 160 (61.4) | <.01 |
| Temperaturec | ||||
| <37.0 | 38 (17) | 1 (6.2) | 37 (17.9) | .01 |
| 37.0–38.4 | 125 (56.1) | 5 (31.2) | 120 (58) | |
| 38.5–38.9 | 21 (9.4) | 3 (18.8) | 18 (8.7) | |
| ≥39.0 | 39 (17.5) | 7 (43.8) | 32 (15.4) | |
| Vomiting | 247 (88.2) | 17 (94.4) | 230 (87.8) | .71 |
| Diarrhea | 209 (74.6) | 13 (72.2) | 196 (74.8) | .78 |
| Blood in stool | 227 (81.1) | 13 (72.2) | 214 (81.7) | .35 |
| Abdominal pain | 178 (63.6) | 10 (55.6) | 168 (64.1) | .46 |
| Abdominal distension | 210(75) | 16 (88.9) | 194 (74) | .26 |
| Abdominal mass | 111 (39.6) | 5 (27.8) | 106 (40.5) | .33 |
| Rectal mass | 80 (28.6) | 4 (22.2) | 76 (29) | .79 |
| Type of intussusception (n [%]) | ||||
| Ileocolic | 132 (47.1) | 10 (55.6) | 122 (46.6) | .76 |
| Colocolic | 40 (14.3) | 5 (27.8) | 35 (13.4) | |
| Ileoileal | 22 (7.9) | 2 (11.1) | 20 (7.6) | |
| Diagnosis method (n [%])d | ||||
| Ultrasound | 91 (32.5) | 10 (55.6) | 81 (30.9) | .04 |
| Abdominal radiograph | 152 (54.3) | 14 (77.8) | 138 (52.7) | <.05 |
| Treatment method (n [%])e | ||||
| Operative | ||||
| Bowel resection | 91 (32.5) | 12 (66.7) | 79 (30.2) | <.01 |
| Manual reduction | 128 (45.7) | 4 (22.2) | 124 (47.3) | <.05 |
| Ileostomy | 5 (1.8) | 1 (5.6) | 4 (1.5) | .28 |
| Nonoperative | ||||
| Air reduction | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | NA |
| Contrast-fluid enema | 5 (1.8) | 0 (0) | 5 (1.9) | >.1 |
| Unknown | 73 (26.1) | 1 (5.6) | 72 (27.5) | .049 |
Abbreviations: IQR, interquartile range; NA, not applicable.
a
Significant P values are indicated with bold type.
b
Gender information was missing for 1 child.
c
The total number was 223. Died was 16. Survived was 207.
d
Multiple diagnosis methods were possible.
e
Multiple treatment methods possible.