Table.

Overview of fields contributing to urban influences on research on mental health among young people

Criterion	Public health	Planning	Neurourbanism
Definition	“The science of protecting and improving the health of people and their communities . . . achieved by promoting healthy lifestyles, researching disease and injury prevention, and detecting, preventing, and responding to infectious diseases.” 25	“Technical and political process concerned with the welfare of people, control of the use of land, design of the urban environment including transportation and communication networks, and protection and enhancement of the natural environment.” 26	“An interdisciplinary . . . approach that connects public mental health to urban planning to create better environments that will improve the mental wellbeing of individuals and communities in cities, and strengthen the resilience of high-risk individuals and children.” 27
Key elements	• Determining the factors that influence health • Prevention through multiple means • Promotion of health behaviors and lifestyles	• Guiding the layout and development of urban areas • Land use, urban design, and transportation decisions • Service provision, political process	• Multimethod evaluations of urban mental health topics • Multidisciplinary collaborations • Identification of and research on high-risk populations
Key topic-specific approaches and ideas	• Social epidemiology, ecosocial theory 28 • Mixed-methods, preventive policy positions • Targeted interventions, longitudinal study	• Pedestrian- and transit-oriented design 29 • Relational theory, co-evolutionary approaches 30 • Social cohesion, mixed land use, health equity	• Attention Restoration Theory 31 • Critical Neurogeography 32 • Ambulatory assessment, biosocial research methods