Figure 1.

Mechanisms of hydrogen regulates cell death. Hydrogen has bidirectional regulatory effects on apoptosis, autophagy, and pyrolysis. When inflammation occurs, cells initiate apoptosis, autophagy, and pyroptosis to adapt to environmental changes, while hydrogen therapy ameliorates inflammation-induced excessive cell programmed death by regulating transcription of genes. When tumor occurs, hydrogen plays an antitumor role by promoting cell apoptosis, autophagy, and pyrolysis.