Table 1.
Narrative summary of the included observational studies.
| Author | Type of study | Place of study | Study subjects Characteristics | Total cases | Barotrauma cases | Pneumothorax cases | Pneumomediastinum cases | Subcutaneous emphysema (SE) cases |
Pneumopericardium |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Belletti A [16] et al., 2021 (all IMV) | Observational Study | Italy | Total: N:116; Barotrauma: 28 Age: Barotrauma (B): 62 (57–70) Other (O): 62 (54–69) Sex: B: Male (23/28) O: Male (75/88) Hypertension: B: 8/28 O: 44/88 DM: B: 5/28 O: 14/88 Active Smoker: B:1/28 O: 2/88 Past Smoker: B:2/28 O: 7/88 |
116 |
28/116 Time from intubation to barotrauma: 14.0 ± 11.0 |
22/28 (78.5%) Chest tube: 18/22(81.8%) Conservative: 4/22(18.2%) One chest tube patient additionally required minithoracotomy (4.5%) |
13/28 (46.42%) Conservative: 12/13 Surgical repair for TEF: 1/13 |
– | – |
| Elsaaran H [17] et al., 2021 (critical Admitted COVID) | Retrospective cohort | Kuwait | N: 343; B: 54; O: 289 Age: B: 55.3 (15.0); O: 56.0 (13.3) Sex: Male B: 42/54; O: 243/289 DM: B: 20/54; O: 123/289 HTN: B: 24/54; O:131/289 |
343 | 54/343 | 49/54 | 8/54 | – | 2/54 |
| Jones E [18] et al., 2020 (severe COVID) | retrospective cohort | UK | N: 83; B: 8 Age: B: 54.5(37.8–57.4); O: 57.8 (50.4–65.2) Sex: Male: B: 8/8; O: 53/75 Smoking: B: (2/8); O: 21/28 |
83 | 8/83 | 4/8 | 7/8 | 8/8 | |
| Kahn MR [19] et al., 2021 (ICU COVID) | retrospective cohort | USA | Total: 75; B: 16; O: 59 Age: B: 54(15); O: 60 (16) Sex, Female: B: 18/59; O: 2/16 DM: B:9/16; O:34/59 HTN: B: 6/16; O: 30/59 Tobacco Use: B: 2/16; O: 5/59 |
75 | 16/75 (Same patients might have presented with multiple types of barotrauma) | 9/16 | 10/16 | 6/16 | 4/16 |
| Lemmers DHL [20] et al., 2020 (IMV COVID) | cohort | Italy | Age: B: 64(60–70); O: 67 (59–71) Sex, Male: B:15/23; O: 118/146 DM: B:3/23; O:23/146 HTN: 11/23; O: 79/146 |
169 | 23/169 | – | – | – | – |
| Loffi M [21] et al., 2020 (all Admitted) | retrospective cohort | Italy | Age: B: 72(49–80); O: 64 (53–75) Sex, Male; B:5/6; O: 68/96 DM: B: 0/6; O: 11/96 HTN: B: 1/6; O: 37/96 Smoking: B: 2/6; O: 25/96 |
102 | 6/102 (pneumo-mediastinum only) | – | 6/6 | 3/6 | 1/6 |
| McGuinness G [1] et al., 2020 (IMV COVID) | retrospective cohort | USA | Total: 601; B: 89 Age: B: 58(54,61); O: 64 (62,65) Sex: Male: B: 65/89; O: 361/512 Smoking: Never Smoked: 51/89; Past Smoker: 22/89; Current Smoker: 4/89 |
601 | 89/601 | 54/89 | 59/89 | – | 14/89 |
| Miro O [2] et al., 2021 (All COVID) | case control | Spain | Total Barotrauma: 40 Age: B: 66(47–74); O: 61 (46–77) Sex, Male: B:29/40; O: 205/400 DM: B: 7/40; O: 74/400 HTN: B: 15/40; O: 168/400 Smoking: B: (4/40); O: 26/400 |
40 | 40/- | 37/40 | 6/40 | 6/40 | – |
| Ozdemir S [9] et al., 2020 (IMV COVID) | retrospective study | Turkey | N: 107; Barotrauma: 8 Age: B: 61 (53–63.5); O: 60 (51–70) Sex, Male: B:8/8; O: 62/99 |
107 | 8/107 | 8/8 | 1/8 | 2/8 | – |
| Ozsoy IE [10] et al., 2021 (Not clear) | retrospective study | Turkey | Total: 70; Barotrauma: 20 Age: B: 57.7 ± 14.1; O: 60.6 ± 13.6 Sex, Male B: 10/20; O: 22/40; DM: B: (7/20); O: 22/40 HTN: B: (5/20); O: 32/40 Smoking B: 4/40 O: 26/400 |
20 | 20/- (Same patients might have presented with multiple types of barotrauma) |
4/20 | 20/20 | 14/20 | – |
| Rodriguez-Arciniega TG [14] et al., 2020 | Case control | Mexico | Total: 271 Barotrauma (SPM):9 Age: B:57(CI, 42.8–71.11), O: 59.5 (CI, 58.02–61.77) Sex, Male B: 7/9, O: 165/262 HTN: B: 5/9, O: 154/262 DM: B: 3/9, O: 110/262 Smoking: B: 1/9, O: 36/262 |
271 | 9/271 (3.32%) All 9 patients SPM | 4/9 | 9/9 | – | – |
| Swain SK [11] et al., 2020 (IMV) | Retrospective cohort | India | N: 262; Barotrauma: 64 Age: 61 ± 14 Sex: Male: 26 DM: 18 HTN: 22(57.89%) |
262 | 64/262 | 42/64 | 32/64 | 38/64 | – |
| Tofigh AM [12] et al., 2020 (ICU) | Observational study | Iran | Barotrauma: 7 Age: 61.71 ± 14.15 Male: 6/7 DM: 4/7 HTN: 2/7 |
7 | 7 | 7 All cases of B/L pneumothorax All cases B/L chest tubes |
– | 7 | – |
| Udi J [15] et al., 2020 (All Post-IMV) | Case control | Germany | Total: 20; Barotrauma: 8 Age: B:62 (47–76), O: 61 (38–77) Male; B: 6/8, O: 7/12 |
20 | 8/20 | 5/8 All > chest tube insertion | 5/8 | 2/8 | 1/8 |
| Wong K [13] et al., 2020 (ICU) | Retrospective cohort | USA | Barotrauma: 75 Age: 62.8 (25–90) Male: 55 (73.3%) HTN: 39/75 DM: 20/75 |
75 | 75 | 75 | 27/75 | – | – |