Table 2.

Phase 1, 2, and 3 studies (results and side effects).

Phase	N; Types of study	Severity of COVID-19	Results and side effects	Ref.
Phase 1 studies	130; DBRPC	NA	Two phase-1 studies of molnupiravir revealed that the dose of 1600 mg daily is safe and tolerable and has no severe adverse events up to 5.5 days.	[11]
	18; R, OL	Mild or moderate		[16]
Phase 2 studies	202; DBRPC	Mild or moderate	A phase 2 study with molnupiravir 800 mg twice a day showed a notably lower time to clearance (RNA negativity) than the placebo (log-rank p value = 0.013) in mild to moderate COVID-19.	[10]
Phase 3 studies	Notable reduction in the risk of hospital reception or death (up to 50% (p = 0.0012)) has been seen in phase 3 DBRPC study in non-hospitalized COVID-19 (was not observed notable advantage with molnupiravir in the later step of modest to severe COVID-19).

DBRPC double-blind randomized placebo-controlled, OL open-label, NA not applicable/available.