Table 3.
Association between disease activity parameters and APOs, PB, LBW, and LFD
| APOs | PB | LBW | LFD | ||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| APOs (+) (n = 35) |
APOs (−) (n = 34) |
P value | PB (+) (n = 14) |
PB (−) (n = 45) |
P value | LBW (+) (n = 23) |
LBW (−) (n = 36) |
P value | LFD (+) (n = 10) |
LFD (−) (n = 49) |
P value | ||
| Achievement of LLDAS, n (%)## | 1st trimester | 17 (56.7) | 21 (65.6) | 0.60 | 5 (41.7) | 29 (70.7) | 0.09 | 12 (63.2) | 22 (64.7) | 1.00 | 6 (60.0) | 28 (63.6) | 1.00 |
| 3rd trimester | 12 (46.2) | 23 (67.7) | 0.12 | 4 (28.6) | 31 (68.9) | 0.01* | 11 (47.8) | 24 (66.7) | 0.18 | 5 (50.0) | 30 (61.2) | 0.73 | |
| Achievement of LLDAS without a glucocorticoid dose, n (%)## | 1st trimester | 20 (66.7) | 27 (84.4) | 0.14 | 5 (41.7) | 36 (87.8) | < 0.01* | 13 (68.4) | 28 (82.4) | 0.31 | 7 (70.0) | 34 (77.3) | 1.00 |
| 3rd trimester | 18 (69.2) | 32 (94.1) | 0.01* | 7 (50.0) | 42 (93.3) | < 0.01* | 15 (65.2) | 34 (94.4) | < 0.01* | 8 (80.0) | 41 (83.7) | 0.67 | |
| SLEDAI score# | 1st trimester | 2.5 ± 2.4 | 1.0 ± 1.4 | 0.01* | 3.5 ± 2.9 | 1.1 ± 1.3 | < 0.01* | 2.3 ± 2.1 | 1.3 ± 2.0 | 0.03* | 1.7 ± 1.4 | 1.7 ± 2.2 | 0.57 |
| 3rd trimester | 1.9 ± 2.4 | 0.7 ± 1.2 | 0.02* | 2.4 ± 3.0 | 0.8 ± 1.2 | 0.05 | 2.0 ± 2.5 | 0.7 ± 1.2 | 0.02* | 1.8 ± 2.0 | 1.1 ± 1.9 | 0.16 | |
| C3, mg/dl# | 1st trimester | 82.4 ± 18.9 | 99.2 ± 21.6 | 0.01* | 77.3 ± 19.0 | 95.5 ± 20.9 | 0.02* | 80.5 ± 16.3 | 97.8 ± 22.3 | 0.01* | 85.3 ± 16.7 | 92.2 ± 22.7 | 0.52 |
| 3rd trimester | 94.2 ± 25.2 | 107.7 ± 20.0 | 0.09 | 85.5 ± 23.4 | 108.2 ± 20.1 | < 0.01* | 93.7 ± 24.9 | 108.3 ± 20.0 | 0.07 | 104.3 ± 31.5 | 102.2 ± 21.7 | 0.47 | |
| C4, mg/dl# | 1st trimester | 17.1 ± 6.7 | 19.6 ± 6.8 | 0.24 | 16.1 ± 9.0 | 19.5 ± 6.2 | 0.14 | 17.6 ± 6.3 | 19.4 ± 7.4 | 0.47 | 20.2 ± 7.0 | 18.3 ± 7.0 | 0.36 |
| 3rd trimester | 16.7 ± 8.4 | 18.9 ± 6.0 | 0.19 | 15.1 ± 6.8 | 19.1 ± 7.0 | 0.11 | 16.9 ± 8.7 | 18.9 ± 5.9 | 0.21 | 20.6 ± 11.2 | 17.7 ± 6.3 | 0.51 | |
| CH50, IU/ml# | 1st trimester | 39.1 ± 10.6 | 43.0 ± 8.4 | 0.11 | 37.3 ± 10.6 | 41.5 ± 8.4 | 0.13 | 36.5 ± 6.6 | 42.7 ± 9.5 | 0.01* | 36.9 ± 9.3 | 41.1 ± 8.9 | 0.17 |
| 3rd trimester | 40.2 ± 11.5 | 44.6 ± 8.7 | 0.18 | 36.5 ± 10.6 | 45.0 ± 9.0 | 0.02* | 40.2 ± 11.6 | 44.8 ± 8.6 | 0.14 | 43.8 ± 13.9 | 42.8 ± 9.4 | 0.78 | |
| Titer of anti-dsDNA antibody, IU/ml# | 1st trimester | 15.6 ± 44.1 | 7.0 ± 12.6 | 0.39 | 32.5 ± 68.5 | 5.7 ± 11.2 | 0.01* | 20.7 ± 55.8 | 7.0 ± 12.3 | 0.40 | 30.0 ± 80.0 | 8.5 ± 14.5 | 0.94 |
| 3rd trimester | 8.7 ± 17.0 | 3.4 ± 6.1 | 0.38 | 14.4 ± 21.4 | 3.1 ± 5.7 | 0.05 | 9.1 ± 17.7 | 3.6 ± 6.1 | 0.52 | 10.3 ± 19.6 | 5.1 ± 10.9 | 0.45 | |
Values are presented as mean ± standard deviation or number (%). #Wilcoxon rank sum test; ##Fisher’s exact test; *P < 0.05. LLDAS low lupus disease activity status, SLEDAI Systemic Lupus Erythematosus Disease Activity Index, APOs adverse pregnancy outcomes, PB preterm birth, LBW low birth weight, LFD light-for-date