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. 2022 Jan 3;10:1. doi: 10.1186/s40478-021-01305-4

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© The Author(s) 2021

Open AccessThis article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/. The Creative Commons Public Domain Dedication waiver (http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/) applies to the data made available in this article, unless otherwise stated in a credit line to the data.

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Fig. 4 — Sub-histological location of MMP2 (left) and MMP9 (right) expression in glioblastoma tissue. A Immunostaining of MMP2 expression (left) on glioblastoma (a, b) and cortectomy (c) tissues. Immunostaining of MMP9 expression (right) on glioblastoma (d, e) and cortectomy (f) tissues. Scale bars: a: 50 µm; b-c: 100 µm; d-f: 250 µm. B Semi-quantitative analysis of MMP2 and MMP9 immunostaining (high expression: score 2 or 3). Tumor: tumor cells; ECM: extracellular matrix; Endoth.: endothelial cells; MVP: microvascular proliferation; Infiltrative: infiltrative cells; Intravasc.: intravascular cells; Necrosis: necrosis cells. MMP9 is expressed by CD45+ cells in glioblastoma patient samples. C Immunofluorescent staining of CD31, CD45 and MMP9 on frozen glioblastoma samples. MMP9 is expressed by CD45 positive cells. Nuclei were stained by Hoechst. Scale bar: 50 µm. D Count of MMP9 positive cells in different tumor fractions. Tumors were processed to isolate individual cells; immunomagnetic sorting allowed to separate cells for CD31⁺ and CD45⁺ expression. Each fraction was analyzed for MMP9 expression by cytometry. MMP9 is significantly overexpressed by CD45⁺ fraction. E Relative expression of MMP9 by CD31 + and CD45+ fraction cells by cytometry (N = 3). F- MMP9 mRNA expression in CD31 + and CD45+ fraction cells. MMP9 mRNA expression is significantly higher in CD45⁺ fraction (N = 5). *p < 0.05; **p < 0.01