Table 1.
Demographic characteristics
| Low ASMI (n = 38)3 | Normal ASMI (n = 43)3 | p4 | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Clinical demographic data1 | |||
| Age (years) | 77.6 ± 4.8 | 75.6 ± 6.7 | 0.128 |
| Gender (%) | |||
| Male | 17 | 13 | 0.177 |
| Female | 21 | 30 | |
| Height (cm) | 155.6 ± 8.7 | 152.2 ± 7.6 | 0.101 |
| Body weight (kg) | 54.1 ± 8.6 | 60.8 ± 10.6 | < 0.001* |
| BMI (kg/m2) | 22.3 ± 3.0 | 26.2 ± 4.0 | < 0.001* |
| Grip strength (kg) | 21.5 ± 8.9 | 20.6 ± 7.3 | 0.731 |
| Gait speed (m/s) | 0.9 ± 0.4 | 1.0 ± 0.3 | 0.777 |
| CDR | |||
| 0.5 | 31 | 36 | 1.000 |
| 1 | 5 | 5 | |
| 2 | 2 | 2 | |
| Assessments of brain atrophy2 | |||
| Visual rating scales | |||
| GCA | 26 ± 4 | 20 ± 4 | < 0.001* |
| Brain atrophy index | |||
| EI | 0.35 ± 0.04 | 0.35 ± 0.04 | 0.439 |
| FHI | 0.28 ± 0.03 | 0.28 ± 0.03 | 0.247 |
| BCR | 0.16 ± 0.03 | 0.15 ± 0.03 | 0.525 |
| SFR | 0.06 ± 0.02 | 0.06 ± 0.02 | 0.734 |
| Schiersmann index | 0.29 ± 0.04 | 0.28 ± 0.04 | 0.652 |
| Huckman index | 57.50 ± 8.46 | 56.10 ± 8.20 | 0.884 |
| Assessments of body composition2 | |||
| Dual energy x-ray absorptiometry | |||
| ASMI (kg/m2) | 5.54 ± 0.77 | 6.50 ± 0.83 | < 0.001* |
| Cross-sectional CT image at the L3 vertebral body level | |||
| Adipose tissue index (cm2/m2) | |||
| Visceral adipose tissue | 48.4 ± 28.5 | 63.0 ± 29.3 | 0.008* |
| Subcutaneous adipose tissue | 29.4 ± 20.3 | 51.9 ± 36.8 | 0.001* |
| Skeletal muscle index (cm2/m2) | |||
| Abdominal wall muscle | 16.1 ± 3.3 | 19.2 ± 3.9 | < 0.001* |
| Paraspinal muscle | 14.8 ± 2.7 | 17.1 ± 2.9 | < 0.001* |
| Psoas muscle | 4.7 ± 1.6 | 5.3 ± 1.7 | 0.041* |
| Total muscle | 35.5 ± 5.6 | 41.7 ± 6.6 | < 0.001* |
| Assessments of body composition2 | |||
| Cross-sectional CT image at the L3 vertebral body level | |||
| Attenuation (HU) | |||
| Visceral adipose tissue | −82.4 ± 15.5 | −88.9 ± 12.2 | 0.053 |
| Subcutaneous adipose tissue | −108.9 ± 6.5 | − 108.7 ± 5.5 | 0.794 |
| Abdominal wall muscle | 21.2 ± 9.7 | 21.3 ± 8.8 | 0.933 |
| Paraspinal muscle | 32.6 ± 6.6 | 30.5 ± 8.6 | 0.074 |
| Psoas muscle | 39.8 ± 4.3 | 41.0 ± 4.7 | 0.283 |
| Total muscle | 28.4 ± 7.2 | 27.7 ± 7.6 | 0.416 |
| Cross- sectional CT image at 2 cm below the zygomatic arch | |||
| Masseter muscle index | 118.2 ± 25.4 | 152.75 ± 27.07 | < 0.001* |
Demographic data, cognitive function level, and assessments of brain atrophy and body composition in elderly patients with low ASMI and normal ASMI subjects
Abbreviations: ASMI Appendicular skeletal muscle index, BCR Bicaudate ratio, BMI Body Mass Index, CDR Clinical dementia rating scale, EI Evans index, FHI Frontal horn index, GCA Global cortical atrophy, SFR Sylvian fissure ratio
1Sex data were compared by Pearson chi-square test. CDR data were compared by Fisher’s exact test. Age data were compared by independent t test. The others demographic data were compared by analysis of covariance (ANCOVA) after controlling for age and sex
2Visual rating scales, brain atrophy index, and cross-sectional CT image data were compared by ANCOVA after controlling for age and sex
3Data are presented as mean ± standard deviation; 4* p < 0.05