Table 2.

Candidate biomarkers of sEVs for early detection of PC and their application

Sources	sEVs	Application in pancreatic cancer	References
hPaCa	CD63, CD9	Diagnosis:to distinguish whether the pancreas has malignant lesions	[89]
hPaCa	CD44v6	Diagnosis:promote metastasis and invasion	[104]
mPaCa	CD151/Tspan8	Diagnosis:promote metastasis and angiogenesis	[105]
hPaCa	CKAP4	Diagnosis:promote proliferation and migration	[88]
hPaCa	miRNA-10b	Diagnosis:distinguish between patients with pancreatitis and those with pancreatic cancer	[106]
hPaCa	miRNA-1226-3p	Diagnosis: promote proliferation and migration	[84]
hPaCa	miRNA-214,miRNA-508	Diagnosis:to indicate high or low survival rate	[85]
hPaCa	miRNA-4525,miRNA-21	Diagnosis: to identify patients at high risk of recurrence after excision	[107]
hPaCa	miRNA-16a,miRNA-196a	Diagnosis:to distinguish pancreatic cancer from pancreatitis and healthy people	[108]
hPaCa	miRNA-27a	Diagnosis:promote invasion and angiogenesis	[109]
hPaCa	miRNA-301a-3p	Diagnosis: promote the invasion	[110]
mPaCa	miRNA-339-5P	Diagnosis:promote invasion and metastasis	[111]
hPaCa	miRNA-17-5p	Diagnosis: to distinguish between pancreatic cancer patients	[112]
hPaCa	miRNA-483-3p	Diagnosis: distinguish pancreatic cancer from other tumors	[113]
hPaCa	miRNA-550	Diagnosis: distinguish pancreatic cancer from other tumors	[114]
macrophage	miRNA-501-3p	Diagnosis:promote tumor metastasis and development	[15]
hPaCa	miRNA-191,miRNA-21	Diagnosis:distinguish pancreatic cancer from other tumors	[115]
hPaCa	miRNA-143	Diagnosis:inhibits metastasis and proliferation	[116]
hPaCa	miRNA-33b	Diagnosis:promotes proliferation and migration	[117]

hPaCa human pancreatic cancer cells, mPaCa mouse pancreatic cancer cells