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. 2022 Jan 3;20:5. doi: 10.1186/s12958-021-00880-4

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© The Author(s) 2021

Open AccessThis article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/. The Creative Commons Public Domain Dedication waiver (http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/) applies to the data made available in this article, unless otherwise stated in a credit line to the data.

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Fig. 4 — The acrosome reaction and expression patterns of acrosome are changed in the spermatozoa from SLO3-mutant man. A Influence of the SLO3 mutation on spontaneous acrosome reaction. Staining with PSA-FITC: acrosome reacted spermatozoa (red asterisk); non-acrosome reacted spermatozoa (red arrowhead). B Percentage of spontaneous acrosome reaction. Data are presented as the mean ± SEM. Bars represent standard error. Significant differences, ***P < 0.001; Student’s t-test. C Peanut agglutinin (PNA) staining conjugated to rhodamine for the localization patterns of spermatozoa membrane galactose. D Localization patterns of PLCζ1 in normal and mutant sperm. Representative images of spermatozoa from controls and the SLO3-mutated individual stained with anti-PLCζ1 antibody, anti-Ac-tubulin antibody, and Hoechst. PLCζ1 staining is concentrated at the acrosomal region in control sperm, but absent in most mutant sperm, Scale bars: 20 μm