Table 2.

Biventricular and left atrial reference values for healthy males (n = 1126) and females (n = 2080) indexed to body surface area (BSA)

CMR variables	Male				Female
	Mean ± SD	95% CI*		Normal range	Mean ± SD	95% CI*		Normal range
		Lower limit	Upper limit			Lower limit	Upper limit
LVEF (%)	62 ± 6	62	62	50–73	64 ± 6	64	65	53–76
LVSV, indexed to BSA (ml/m2)	46 ± 8	45	46	29–62	42 ± 7	42	42	28–56
LVEDV, indexed to BSA (ml/m2)	74 ± 13	73	75	48–100	65 ± 11	65	66	45–86
LVESV, indexed to BSA (ml/m2)	28 ± 7	28	29	14–43	23 ± 6	23	24	12–35
LV mass, indexed to BSA (g/m2)	61 ± 10	60	61	42–80	48 ± 8	47	48	33–62
LV mass to volume ratio (g/ml)	0.84 ± 0.16	0.83	0.848	0.53–1.15	0.74 ± 0.13	0.732	0.743	0.48–1.00
RVEF (%)	53 ± 6	53	53	41–65	58 ± 6	58	58	46–70
RVSV, indexed to BSA (ml/m2)	45 ± 8	45	46	29–62	42 ± 7	41	42	28–56
RVEDV, indexed to BSA (ml/m2)	86 ± 16	85	87	54–119	72 ± 13	72	73	47–8
RVESV, indexed to BSA (ml/m2)	41 ± 11	40	42	20–62	31 ± 8	30	31	14–47
Min. LA volume, indexed to BSA (ml/m2)	21 ± 7	21	21	7–35	19 ± 6	19	19	7–31
Max. LA volume, indexed to BSA (ml/m2)	39 ± 10	38	39	18–59	37 ± 9	36	37	19–54
LA EF (%)	46 ± 10	46	47	26–66	49 ± 11	48	49	28–70
LA SV, indexed to BSA (ml/m2)	18 ± 6	17	18	6–30	18 ± 6	18	18	7–29

LV Left ventricular; RV right ventricular; EF ejection fraction; SV stroke volume; EDV end-diastolic volume; ESV end-systolic volume; LA left atrium; Min minimum; Max maximum. Normal reference ranges are defined as the 95% prediction interval

Study cohort—excluded subjects with history of CVD or with risk factors of CVD -hypertension, diabetes, obesity, smoking or dyslipidemia

History of CVD—Aortic stenosis, Atrial fibrillation, Heart failure, Mitral stenosis, Previous PCI, Previous CABG, Valve surgery, TAVI, Hx of myocardial infarction

Reference ranges were calculated based on the formulae mean ± t_0.975,n−1*sqrt[(n + 1)/n]*SD

*CI calculated based on the SE

**p value for testing Male vs Female