Table 2.
Clinical characteristics of the cohort. Race/ethnicity: C- Caucasian, L-latino, AA-African-American. Definition of stenosis by 2D echocardiogram (Mean Gradients):Normal Gradient < 5 mmHg; Mild Stenosis 5–25 mmHg; Moderate Stenosis 25–50 mmHg; Severe Stenosis >50 mmHg. N/A- not available.
| Normal (N) | ||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| SKU | Age (Year) | Gend er | Race/Ethnicity | BSA (m^2 ) | Leaflet Morphology | Valve Function | Left Ventricular Function | Primary ECM Phenotype |
| DB51 | 0.66 | M | C | 0.34 | Trileaflet | Normal | Normal | Bilayer |
| NDRI-1 | 2 | M | L | 0.63 | Trileaflet | N/A | N/A | Trilayer |
| DB085 | 9 | F | C | 0.95 | Trileaflet | Normal | Normal | Trilayer |
| DB027 | 17 | M | C | 2.2 | Trileaflet | Normal | Depressed* | Trilayer |
| Congenital Aortic Valve Stenosis (AS) | ||||||||
| DB106 | 0.03 | M | C | 0.21 | Bicuspid | Severe Stenosis with AVI | Depressed | GAG |
| DB040 | 0.33 | M | C | 0.37 | Bicuspid | Stenosis | Dilated/ severe | GAG |
| DB105 | 5 | M | C | 0.72 | Bicuspid | Stenosis with AVI | Normal | GAG |
| DB119 | 5 | F | - | - | Bicuspid | Moderate Stenosis with AVI | Normal | GAG |
| DB018 | 6 | F | C | 0.70 | Bicuspid | Moderate Stenosis with AVI | Normal | Mixed |
| DB003 | 11 | F | C | 1.5 | Bicuspid | Moderate Stenosis with AVI | Normal | Mixed |
| DB117 | 12 | M | - | - | Bicuspid | Moderate Stenosis with AVI | Hyper-dynamic | Elastin |
| DB041 | 14 | M | C | 1.6 | Bicuspid | Moderate Stenosis with AVI | Normal | Mixed |
| DB016 | 17 | M | C | 2.1 | Bicuspid | Moderate Stenosis with AVI | Normal | Mixed |
| Hemodynamically Altered (HA) | ||||||||
| DB43 | 0.13 | M | C | 0.24 | Trileaflet | Moderate subvalvular stenosis with AVI | Markedly depressed | Bilayer |
| DB114 | 0.13 | F | - | - | N/A | Trivial AVI | Markedly depressed | Bilayer |
| DB17 | 0.5 | M | L | 0.38 | N/A | Normal | Markedly depressed | Trilayer |
| DB083 | 10 | F | AA | 1.4 | Trileaflet | Trivial AVI | Hypertrophy | Trilayer |
| DB108 | 10 | F | C | 1.3 | Trileaflet | Thickened with AVI | Dilated | Mixed |
| Ross Procedure (pulmonary valve operating in aortic valve position | ||||||||
| DB0102 | 34 | M | C | 2.0 | Tricuspid | Mild Stenosis | Normal | Mixed |
| Comparison of Age, BSA, Gender and Race | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Normal | AS | p-value (AS compared to Normal) | HA | p-value (HA compared to Normal) | |
| Age (Years) | 7.18; 95% CI [0.17, 14.5] | 7.86; 95% CI [4.00, 11.7] | 0.969a | 4.16; 95% CI [0.5, 8.83] | 0.389a |
| Body surface area (BSA) | 1.03; 95% CI [0.23,1.8) | 1.03; 95% CI [0.57,1.5] | 0.999a | 0.83; 95% CI [0.3,1.4] | 0.886a |
| Gender (Male/Female) | (3/1) | (6/3) | 0.399b | (2/3) | 0.524b |
| Race/Ethnicity (C/AA/L; Not Reported) | (3/0/1) | (7/0/0; 2NR) | 0.185b | (2/2/1; 1NR) | 0.999b |
a
– Mann Whitney U exact p-value;
b
– two-sided Fisher’s exact probability test for proportions.