Extended Data Table 3:

Grouping of Upper Tier Local Authority area codes under higher level area codes as used in the analyses.

Area and Area Code	Constituents
Greater London, E13000001|E13000002	E09000007, E09000011, E09000012, E09000013, E09000019, E09000020, E09000022, E09000023, E09000028, E09000030, E09000032, E09000033, E09000001, E09000002, E09000003, E09000004, E09000005, E09000006, E09000008, E09000009, E09000010, E09000014, E09000015, E09000016, E09000017, E09000018, E09000021, E09000027, E09000024, E09000025, E09000026, E09000029, E09000031
West Midlands, E11000005	E08000026, E08000029, E08000025, E08000028, E08000030, E08000027, E08000031
South Yorkshire, E11000003	E08000019, E08000018, E08000017, E08000016
Tyne and Wear, E11000007	E08000037, E08000021, E08000022, E08000023, E08000024
Merseyside, E11000002	E08000012, E08000014, E08000011, E08000013, E08000015
Greater Manchester, E11000001	E08000003, E08000007, E08000008, E08000004, E08000005, E08000002, E08000001, E08000010, E08000006, E08000009
West Yorkshire, E11000006	E08000035, E08000036, E08000034, E08000033, E08000032