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. 2021 Dec 20;11:788365. doi: 10.3389/fonc.2021.788365

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Copyright © 2021 Hourani, Holden, Li, Lenzo, Hadjigol and O’Brien-Simpson

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

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Antitumorigenic and protumorigenic TME components. Antitumorigenic and protumorigenic TME have distinct immunologic profiles. Left. An antitumorigenic TME: M1 macrophages, Th1 cells, DC, CD8+ cells, NK cells and bioactive molecules (antitumorigenic cytokines (IL-2, IL-12, IFNγ), growth factor (GM-CSF), chemokines (CXCL9, CXCL10). Right. A protumorigenic TME: M2 macrophages, tolerogenic DCs, MDSCs, Th2 cells, Treg cells and bioactive molecules (protumorigenic cytokines (IL-4, IL-6, IL-10, TGF-β, IFNγ), angiogenic factors (VEGF), growth factors (GM-CSF, EGF, HGF, FGF) and chemokines (CCL2)). Created with BioRender.com.