Table 7.
Major clusters and keywords for sustainable finance research
| Keyword | TO | DC | EC | Keyword | TO | DC | EC |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Cluster 1: Socially responsible investing | Cluster 2: Climate financing | ||||||
| Socially responsible investing | 175 | 120 | 0.59 | Climate change | 150 | 166 | 0.92 |
| Investment | 127 | 178 | 0.93 | Climate finance | 140 | 157 | 0.88 |
| Corporate social responsibility | 110 | 94 | 0.47 | Environmental policy | 59 | 126 | 0.77 |
| Sustainability | 65 | 147 | 0.81 | Developing world | 49 | 110 | 0.68 |
| Socially responsible investment | 61 | 76 | 0.37 | Adaptive management | 34 | 91 | 0.58 |
| Mutual funds | 27 | 48 | 0.30 | Adaptation | 26 | 66 | 0.42 |
| Decision making | 25 | 100 | 0.62 | Developing Countries | 25 | 82 | 0.54 |
| ESG | 25 | 47 | 0.23 | United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change | 24 | 72 | 0.48 |
| Corporate governance | 23 | 34 | 0.19 | Greenhouse gases | 23 | 83 | 0.58 |
| Financial performance | 21 | 65 | 0.40 | Paris agreement | 21 | 54 | 0.38 |
| Cluster 3: Green financing | Cluster 4: Impact investing | ||||||
| Environmental economics | 82 | 165 | 0.94 | Finance | 110 | 188 | 1.00 |
| Sustainable development | 64 | 143 | 0.80 | Impact Investing | 56 | 69 | 0.35 |
| Green finance | 60 | 95 | 0.60 | Social Impact | 22 | 55 | 0.31 |
| China | 39 | 98 | 0.63 | Innovation | 21 | 85 | 0.53 |
| Financial system | 32 | 02 | 0.66 | Stakeholder | 20 | 67 | 0.41 |
| Risk assessment | 26 | 87 | 0.56 | Social Enterprise | 18 | 30 | 0.18 |
| Green economics | 21 | 69 | 0.48 | Strategic Approach | 14 | 65 | 0.45 |
| Sustainable development goals | 21 | 69 | 0.45 | United Kingdom | 13 | 63 | 0.39 |
| Market conditions | 16 | 64 | 0.43 | India | 12 | 57 | 0.36 |
| Financial provisions | 14 | 69 | 0.43 | Political Economy | 12 | 39 | 0.29 |
| Cluster 5: Carbon financing | Cluster 6: Energy financing | ||||||
| Emission control | 36 | 102 | 0.65 | Renewable Energy | 27 | 79 | 0.54 |
| Financial market | 28 | 89 | 0.56 | Private Sector | 17 | 76 | 0.50 |
| Carbon emission | 25 | 89 | 0.59 | Energy Policy | 17 | 68 | 0.50 |
| Commerce | 20 | 85 | 0.57 | Alternative Energy | 15 | 82 | 0.58 |
| Clean development mechanism | 17 | 58 | 0.42 | Financial Services | 15 | 70 | 0.49 |
| Carbon finance | 16 | 54 | 0.40 | Fossil Fuel | 14 | 65 | 0.49 |
| Carbon | 15 | 78 | 0.55 | Economic Growth | 13 | 65 | 0.49 |
| Emissions trading | 15 | 60 | 0.43 | Africa | 13 | 48 | 0.34 |
| Empirical analysis | 13 | 71 | 0.49 | Environmental Impact | 12 | 71 | 0.52 |
| Energy efficiency | 13 | 62 | 0.45 | Investment Incentive | 10 | 57 | 0.39 |
| Cluster 7: Governance of sustainable financing and investing | |||||||
| Governance approach | 30 | 108 | 0.67 | ||||
| Economics | 23 | 88 | 0.59 | ||||
| Economic development | 17 | 84 | 0.57 | ||||
| Environmental management | 13 | 63 | 0.45 | ||||
| Sustainable finance | 12 | 31 | 0.23 | ||||
| Redd + | 10 | 32 | 0.24 | ||||
| Japan | 6 | 44 | 0.34 | ||||
| Environmental planning | 6 | 33 | 0.26 | ||||
| Environmental performance | 6 | 32 | 0.26 | ||||
| Latin America | 6 | 28 | 0.23 | ||||
TO Total occurrence, DC Degree of centrality, EC Eigenvector centrality, Top keywords with TO ≥ 6 are presented for each cluster. Cluster = theme. Keyword = topic