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Degradation of glycocalyx. Heparanase directly cleaves the heparan sulfate chains attached to core proteoglycans. Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) cleave proteoglycans (e.g. syndecan-1) directly from the endothelial cell membrane. Hyaluronidase cleaves the hyaluronan. HS, heparan sulfate; HA, hyaluronic acid; HPSE, heparanase; HAase, hyaluronidase; MMP, matrix metalloproteinase.
