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. 2021 Dec 27;23:e23. doi: 10.1017/erm.2021.27

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© The Author(s) 2021

This is an Open Access article, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution licence (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted re-use, distribution and reproduction, provided the original article is properly cited.

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Fig. 5. — Pyroptosis and GSDMD. (1) Canonical pathway: The formation of classic inflammasome containing Caspase-1 on the one hand accelerates the release of IL-18 and IL-1β; on the other hand, it also directly lyses GSDMD, leading to cell membrane pore formation and pyroptosis. (2) Non-canonical pathway: Caspase-4/5/11 cleaves GSDMD and causes pyroptosis. The activation of Caspase-11 cleaves Pannexin-1, thereby destroying the integrity of the cell membrane. In addition, Pannexin-1 activates NLRP3 and participates in the formation of Caspase-1. (3) Model of macrophages infected by Yersina: After activated by Yersina, Caspase-8 cleaves GSDMD at the site of D276, which leads to pyroptosis or apoptosis by activating Caspase-3.