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. 2021 Mar 23;43(1):111–120. doi: 10.1038/s41401-021-00628-1

Fig. 7. Persistence and dose dependency of the aprotinin effect.

Fig. 7

Sixty days post-aprotinin treatment (aprotinin 2 mg/day over 10 days) kidneys showed only minor signs of injury in the tubulointerstitial compartment as observed in PAS and KIM-1-stained renal sections (a–d). However, we sporadically observed severe focal tubular damage with PAS-positive luminal casts (a, arrow) that stained also positive for aprotinin (e, arrow) (a–f each n = 4). PAS staining (a) and tubular sclerosis index (TSI) (b). Immunohistochemistry for KIM-1 expression (c) and semiquantitative analysis (d). Immunohistochemistry for aprotinin content (e) and semiquantitative analysis (f). Data and statistical analysis: arithmetic means ± SEM. b, d One-way ANOVA followed by the Sidak’s test. f One-way ANOVA/Kruskal–Wallis test followed by the Sidak’s test/Dunn’s test. *P < 0.05, aprotinin vs. placebo treatment, &P < 0.05, aprotinin 2.0 mg/day vs. 0.5 mg/day treatment, $P < 0.05, aprotinin 2.0 mg/day vs. 60 days post-aprotinin treatment.