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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2023 Jan 1.
Published in final edited form as: Prev Med. 2021 Nov 17;154:106896. doi: 10.1016/j.ypmed.2021.106896

Table 1:

Demographic Characteristics of Control and Intervention Group Participants by Preventive Health Services Eligibility

Mammography (n=3500)a CRC screening (n=4482)b Influenza vaccination (n=14,218)c Depression screening (n=14,218)c HbA1c testing (n=1036)d
Characteristice Control (n=1752)% Intervention (n=1748)% Control (n=2293)% Interve ntion (n=218 9)% Control (n=7135)% Intervention (n=7083)% Control (n=7135)% Intervention (n=7083)% Control (n=522)% Intervention (n=514)%
Age at randomization, y
 30–39 - - - - 17.2 17.6 17.2 17.6 7.3 4.7
 40–49 - - - - 25.8 26.4 25.8 26.4 16.3 18.3
 50–59 63.4 65.6 66.8 68.7 37.3 37.0 37.3 37.0 43.3 45.1
 60–64 36.6 34.4 33.2 31.3 19.7 19.0 19.7 19.0 33.1 31.9
Race
 White 72.4 72.2 74.1 74.5 72.6 72.1 72.6 72.1 66.1 67.7
 Asian or Native Hawaiian or other Pacific Islander 9.4 8.3 9.3 7.9 10.5 10.5 10.5 10.5 13.0 11.7
 Black or African
 American 4.6 4.3 4.2 3.7 4.3 4.6 4.3 4.6 5.0 6.6
 Other 5.6 6.5 5.7 6.8 6.6 7.3 6.6 7.3 11.5 10.3
 Unknown 8.0 8.7 6.7 7.1 6.0 5.5 6.0 5.5 4.4 3.7
Ethnicity
 Non-Hispanic 87.8 87.6 89.3 88.8 89.2 89.6 89.2 89.6 86.8 91.2
 Hispanic 4.6 4.3 4.6 4.6 5.0 5.0 5.0 5.0 8.8 5.3
 Unknown 7.6 8.1 6.1 6.6 5.8 5.4 5.8 5.4 4.4 3.5
Length of health plan enrollment before randomization, y f
 3.4 to < 5 20.6 22.6 21.4 23.6 23.9 23.9 23.9 23.9 27.2 19.8
 5 to < 10 23.7 25.2 23.1 24.4 28.5 30.4 28.5 30.4 20.9 25.3
 ≥ 10 55.7 52.2 55.5 52.0 47.6 45.7 47.6 45.7 51.9 54.9
Time since last Pap test (by length of enrollment), y
 Enrolled 3.4 to < 5
  No Pap test 79.7 76.0 76.0 72.3 67.5 65.8 67.5 65.8 68.3 70.6
  > 3.4 to < 5 20.3 24.1 24.0 27.7 32.5 34.2 32.5 34.2 31.7 29.4
 Enrolled 5 to < 10
  No Pap test 47.1 46.0 45.7 42.7 28.7 29.7 28.7 29.7 28.4 30.8
  > 3.4 to < 5 37.0 39.2 40.4 45.9 58.1 57.0 58.1 57.0 56.0 53.1
  5 to < 10 15.9 14.7 14.0 11.4 13.1 13.3 13.1 13.3 15.6 16.2
 Enrolled ≥ 10
  No Pap test 20.7 20.6 18.2 19.1 12.3 12.6 12.3 12.6 11.4 12.8
  > 3.4 to < 5 37.9 39.8 43.8 45.8 58.2 59.2 58.2 59.2 57.2 56.0
  5 to < 10 26.1 24.5 23.9 22.4 20.5 19.9 20.5 19.9 18.8 20.9
  ≥ 10 15.3 15.1 14.2 12.7 9.0 8.3 9.0 8.3 12.6 10.3
Women’s census block: Median Household Income, $
 < 49,999 22.4 22.8 22.6 22.8 22.2 22.5 22.2 22.5 27.0 29.0
 50,000–74,999 35.0 33.8 33.8 33.3 34.7 34.9 34.7 34.9 39.8 39.1
 75,000–99,999 23.7 23.6 23.7 23.7 25.3 24.7 25.3 24.7 18.2 18.1
 ≥ 100,000 9.6 11.0 11.1 11.3 10.4 10.5 10.4 10.5 6.9 6.8
 Unknown 9.2 8.9 8.7 9.0 7.4 7.3 7.4 7.3 8.0 7.0
Travel time from women’s home to primary Journal Pre-proof care clinic, min g
 < 10 33.7 32.4 33.5 32.7 32.5 32.9 32.5 32.9 34.5 NA
 10 – < 20 40.1 43.5 39.5 41.9 41.3 41.9 41.3 41.9 38.9 NA
 20 – < 30 14.4 13.8 15.0 13.9 14.4 14.3 14.4 14.3 13.4 NA
 ≥ 30 10.2 9.3 10.5 10.5 10.8 10.0 10.8 10.0 11.7 NA
 Unknown 1.7 0.9 1.5 1.0 1.1 0.8 1.1 0.8 1.5 NA
BMI, kg/m 2 h
 < 24.9 19.9 22.2 21.0 22.8 24.3 24.8 24.3 24.8 7.7 10.3
 25 – 29.9 21.9 20.3 23.0 20.6 22.9 22.6 22.9 22.6 16.7 15.8
 30 – 34.9 15.4 16.3 15.8 16.4 16.7 16.2 16.7 16.2 22.6 17.7
 35 – 39.9 10.5 9.8 10.5 11.2 10.9 11.4 10.9 11.4 21.1 19.3
 ≥ 40 10.1 10.3 10.6 11.6 11.9 12.9 11.9 12.9 29.9 33.3
 Unknown 22.2 21.1 19.1 17.4 13.3 12.1 13.3 12.1 2.1 3.7
Tobacco use
 Never 45.8 43.2 49.2 46.5 54.0 54.2 54.0 54.2 55.7 50.2
 Current 14.6 17.0 13.9 15.6 12.6 12.6 12.6 12.6 13.6 15.4
 Former 19.1 20.1 19.3 20.7 20.8 21.4 20.8 21.4 28.5 31.1
 Unknown 20.4 19.6 17.6 17.2 12.7 11.8 12.7 11.8 2.1 3.3
Charlson Comorbidity Index score 27
 0 82.8 80.7 81.3 81.0 81.1 81.0 81.1 81.0 5.9 7.2
 1 9.1 11.4 10.4 11.3 11.6 11.1 11.6 11.1 39.5 36.2
 2 4.3 4.4 4.7 4.5 4.0 4.4 4.0 4.4 26.8 30.2
 3+ 3.8 3.5 3.6 3.2 3.3 3.5 3.3 3.5 27.8 26.5
Randomization year
 2014 63.4 62.0 58.6 58.2 52.3 52.5 52.3 52.5 57.1 55.8
 2015 24.9 25.6 28.7 28.1 31.0 30.7 31.0 30.7 27.2 26.5
 2016 11.8 12.4 12.7 13.8 16.6 16.8 16.6 16.8 15.7 17.7

Abbreviation: BMI, Body Mass Index.

a

Mammography analyses were restricted to women who were between the ages of 52 and 64 years and not considered up-to-date per HEDIS.23

b

CRC screening analyses were restricted women who were between the ages of 51 and 64 years and not considered up-to-date per HEDIS.24

c

There were no restrictions for influenza vaccination uptake or depression screening, as these services are recommended annually for all adults.

d

Uptake of HbA1c testing was restricted to women with diabetes.

e

Based on electronic medical record data.

f

Chi-square tests indicated significant differences (p-value < 0.05) in length of health plan enrollment between the intervention group and control group for influenza vaccination, depression screening, and HbA1c testing.

g

Distributions of travel time to from women’s home to primary care clinic are not available for participants in the intervention group of HbA1c testing due to cell sizes less than 5.

h

Calculated as weight in kilograms divided by height in meters squared.