Table 1.

Characteristics for total sample, and by non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and subset with advanced fibrosis

Variables	Total n=2892			NAFLD (CAP score ≥285 dB/m)							Advanced fibrosis (LSM≥ 8.6 kPa)
				Yes n=1082			No=1810			p-value	Yes n=173			No n=909			p-value
		Weighted % ± SE			Weighted % ± SE			Weighted % ± SE				Weighted % ± SE			Weighted % ± SE
Age
20–39	68	0.8	.0	48	7.9	.0	20	7.9	.3	< 0.0001	0	3.6	.4	08	6.8	.0	0.23
40–59	06	4.3	.7	89	0.1	.7	17	1.1	.8		8	9.9	.0	31	1.2	.8
60–89	018	4.9	.6	45	2.0	.3	73	1.0	.6		5	6.5	.8	70	3.0	.4
Sex
Male	444	0.1	.3	08	5.7	2.8	36	7.0	.4	< 0.001	09	6.4	.8	99	3.8	.9	0.01
Female	448	9.9	.3	74	4.3	2.8	74	3.0	.4		4	3.6	.8	10	6.2	.9
Race/Ethnicity
Non-Hispanic White	59	0.9	.6	86	1.9	2.8	73	0.4	.0	< 0.0001	4	0.6	.8	22	2.1	.0	0.90
Non-Hispanic Black	88	1.9	.8	90	.3	1.5	98	3.8	.0		7	.4	.8	63	.5	.4
Hispanic	20	7.4	.1	19	0.3	2.7	01	5.7	.9		4	2.2	.6	65	9.9	.0
Other	25	.9	.4	87	.6	1.6	38	0.0	.6		8	.8	.8	59	.5	.6
Education
<12th grade	55	1.1	.0	13	1.6	.5	42	0.8	.0	0.33	78	1.0	.6	5	4.6	.7	0.30
High school +	333	8.9	.0	66	8.4	.5	467	9.2	.0		28	9.0	.6	38	5.4	.7
Household income
<$55,000	417	2.2	1.6	32	1.8	.9	85	2.4	.8	0.85	7	2.9	.3	45	1.6	.1	0.80
≥$55,000	244	7.8	1.6	63	8.2	.9	81	7.6	.8		5	7.1	.3	88	8.4	.1
Smoking
Nonsmoker	724	9.6	.0	04	9.4	.3	120	9.9	.3	0.61	01	3.0	.2	03	8.7	.0	0.02
Former smoker	08	.8	.6	6	.9	.7	2	.3	.9			0.0	.1	0	.1	.5
Current smoker	82	5.4	.7	20	4.8	.3	62	5.8	.1		3	.0	.7	07	6.2	.7
Alcohol Use
No past year use	02	9.9	.0	61	5.7	.6	41	2.9	.5	0.28	0	6.7	.7	01	5.5	.9	0.52
Light-to-Moderate	078	0.6	.7	17	2.2	.0	61	9.7	.9		1	7.2	.9	46	3.1	.8
Heavy Use	11	5.5	.7	04	2.1	.5	07	7.3	.7		2	6.0	.8	62	1.4	.3
Body Mass Index
Under weight/Normal (<25kg/m2)	44	6.4	1.5	5	.8	0.8	79	8.9	.0	< 0.0001		.6	.8	1	.2	.9	< 0.0001
Overweight (2529.9kg/m2)	29	1.3	1.8	01	4.7	3.0	28	4.9	.9		2	.8	.0	79	7.5	.3
Class 1 obesity (3034.9 kg/m2)	34	1.6	1.8	12	8.5	2.7	22	7.7	.8		4	5.1	.7	76	1.0	.1
Class 2 obesity (3539.9 kg/m2)	14	1.4	1.0	03	2.1	2.0	11	.4	.9		7	0.7	.0	66	2.4	.3
Class 3 obesity (>40 kg/m2)	55	.4	1.1	97	0.8	2.6	8	.0	.5		6	2.9	.6	21	4.9	.2
Diabetes
Normal	535	6.6	.2	00	6.7	.9	135	7.5	.6	< 0.0001	0	6.0	.3	60	8.6	.9	< 0.0001
Pre-diabetes	88	0.4	.1	10	7.6	.9	78	6.4	.2		4	6.5	.7	76	9.6	.0
Diabetes	09	3	.9	17	5.6	.3	92	.1	.7		8	7.5	.6	29	1.8	.9
Metabolic Syndrome
Yes	47	6.2	.6	89	8.6	.7	58	3.6	.9	< 0.001	5	4.8	.9	94	5.6	.8	< 0.0001
No	867	3.8	.6	97	1.4	.7	370	6.4	.9		0	5.2	.9	37	4.4	.8
Total energy intake
T1 (<1591 kcal)	11	0.1	.3	90	8.8	.7	21	0.8	.5	0.82	6	5.4	.6	44	9.4	.7	0.35
T2 (1591–2273 kcal)	78	4.9	.3	50	5.6	.7	28	4.5	.6		4	9.3	.3	06	6.6	.0
T3 (≥2273 kcal)	41	5.0	.4	06	5.6	.9	35	4.6	.4		7	5.3	.1	49	4.0	.8
Physical activity
T1 (<4.67 MET hours/week)	050	0.3	.2	46	5.7	.3	04	7.3	.5	< 0.01	7	5.5	.3	79	5.8	.8	0.79
T2 (4.67 – 60 MET hours/week)	17	5.1	.7	19	4.0	.7	98	5.8	.1		3	7.9	.4	56	3.2	.2
T3 (≥60 MET hours/week)	25	4.5	.6 ±	17	0.3	.8	08	6.9	.5		3	6.6	.9	74	0.9	.6
Sedentary Behavior
T1 (<4 hours/day)	06	6.4	.7	13	3.5	.5	93	8.1	.9	0.11	2	1.9	.6	71	3.8	.5	0.18
T2 (4–6 hours/day)	59	6.0	.3	79	5.9	.9	80	6.1	.4		4	8.7	.4	45	7.3	.8
T3 (≥ 6 hours/day)	227	7.5	.0	90	0.6	.1	37	5.9	.4		7	9.4	.8	93	9.0	.2
Healthy Eating Index (HEI)
T1 (<45.6)	45	4.4	.4	40	8.2	.0	05	2.4	.4	0.18	7	2.6	.0	83	7.5	.1	0.78
T2 (45.6–58.5)	41	5.5	.7	00	5.3	.8	41	5.6	.9		8	1.6	.9	52	5.9	.0
T3 (≥58.5)	44	0.1	.4	06	6.5	.4	38	2.1	.9		2	5.8	.6	64	6.6	.5

Notes:

Abbreviations: NAFLD: non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, CAP: controlled attenuation parameter, LSM: liver stiffness measurements, SE: standard error, T: tertile, kcal: kilocalorie, MET: metabolic equivalent.

Models: Chi-Square test or Fisher’s exact test