Table 1.
Subject characteristics by DII level expressed as tertiles.
| DII 1st tertile | DII 2nd tertile | DII 3rd tertile | p-value | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| ≤ −1.29 | −1.29-0.58 | >0.58 | ||
| n | 136 | 137 | 141 | |
| Age, years | 9.19 ± 2.58 | 9.21 ± 2.30 | 9.28 ± 2.40 | 0.892 |
| Gender: Male | 87 (63.97) | 94 (68.61) | 93 (65.96) | 0.718 |
| BMI, Kg/m2 | 22.70 ± 8.18 | 22.72 ± 7.88 | 22.81 ± 8.44 | 0.976 |
| Physical activity (>3 times/week) | 74 (54.41) | 82 (60.29) | 60 (43.80) | 0.022 |
| Maternal history of asthma | 21 (15.79) | 20 (14.60) | 22 (15.94) | 0.945 |
| Paternal history of asthma | 25 (18.52) | 26 (18.98) | 17 (12.32) | 0.253 |
| Maternal education level (>8 years) | 112 (82.96) | 114 (83.21) | 114 (82.61) | 0.991 |
| Paternal education level (>8 years) | 106 (79.10) | 101 (74.26) | 107 (78.68) | 0.574 |
| Atopy, Y/N | 94 (83.19) | 101 (84.17) | 97 (78.23) | 0.436 |
| Crowding Index | 1.11 ± 0.43 | 1.07 ± 0.56 | 1.04 ± 0.44 | 0.307 |
| Breastfeeding (≥3 months), Y/N | 89 (71.20) | 77 (61.11) | 90 (69.23) | 0.195 |
| FAS | 0.549 | |||
| Low | 21 (18.10) | 21 (16.80) | 13 (10.66) | |
| Medium | 62 (53.45) | 67 (53.60) | 69 (56.56) | |
| High | 33 (28.45) | 37 (29.60) | 40 (32.79) |
Data are expressed as n (%) or mean ± SD, DII: Dietary Inflammatory Index. FAS: Family Affluence Scale. p-values come from Kruskal-Wallis test for quantitative variables and X2 test for categorical variables; p-values in bold are significant.