TABLE 4.
Probiotics and colon cancer (in vitro).
| Cancer cell line | Probiotic agent | Probiotic concentration | Effect (s) | Ref. |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| SW620 | Lactobacillus brevis SBL8803 | NA | Via activating the Erk pathway and inhibiting tumor growth | Sakatani et al. (2016b) |
| SW620 | Lactobacillus delbrueckii | NA | Through triggering the caspase 3-mediated pathway and decreasing Bcl-2 and caused apoptosis. Besides, MMP-9 was decreased after intervention | Zhou et al. (2014) |
| SW742 | Bifidobacterium | NA | Inhibited the growth of cancer cells | Otte et al. (2008) |
| SW742 | Bifidobacterium and Lactobacillus | NA | Prevented the development of colorectal cancer | Bahmani et al. (2019) |
| Colo320 and SW480 | Lactobacillus acidophilus, Escherichia coli Nissle 1917, and the probiotic mixture VSL#3 | 1 × 106 CFU/ml | Regulated the expression of COX-2 | Otte et al. (2008) |
| SW480 and HCT-116 | Lactococcus lactis | NA | Induced apoptosis in human colon cancer cells and increased the ratio of f Bax/Bcl2 | Bohlul et al. (2019) |
| HCT-116 | Lactobacillus fermentum | NA | Lactobacillus cell-free supernatant activated the intrinsic apoptosis pathway | Lee et al. (2019b) |
| HCT-116 | Lactobacillus plantarum 27 (NCDC 012), Lactobacillus casei (NCDC 297), and Lactobacillus brevis (NCDC 021) | NA | Exerted anti-proliferative activities. Inhibited activity of α-glucosidase and α-amylase | Mushtaq et al. (2019) |
| HCT-116 | Lactobacillus sp., Lactobacillus casei, and Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG | 109–1011 CFU/ml | Decreased the expression of MMP-9 and increased protein levels of ZO-1 | Escamilla et al. (2012) |
| HCT-116 | Pediococcus pentosaceus GS4 | 1.1 × 109 CFU/ml | Downregulated NF-κB and p-Akt signaling pathways | Dubey et al. (2016) |
| HCT-116, AGS, A549, MCF-7, and HepG2 | Aspergillus sp | NA | Exhibited anti-tumor properties | Choi et al. (2011) |
| HT-29, HCT-116, and Caco-2 | Bifidobacterium bifidum BGN4 | NA | Inhibited the growth of cancer cell lines | You et al. (2004) |
| HT-29 | Lactobacillus casei K11, Lactobacillus casei M5, Lactobacillus casei SB27, and Lactobacillus casei × 12 | NA | Cell cycle arrest induced at the G0/G1 phase | Di et al. (2018) |
| HT-29 | Lactobacillus kefiri (SGL 13) | 5 × 108 CFU/ml | Increased Bax expression and decreased the caspase 3, mutant p53, and IL-8 expression | Brandi et al. (2019) |
| HT-29 | Enterococcus faecium YF5 | 1 × 1011 CFU | Inhibited foodborne pathogens | Tan et al. (2013) |
| HT-29 | Lactobacillus acidophilus 145 and Bifidobacterium longum 913 | 106–108 and 105 CFU/g | Increased oxidative-induced damage | Oberreuther-Moschner et al. (2004) |
| Caco-2 and HT-29 | Lactobacillus rhamnosus MD 14 | NA | Showed anti-genotoxic and cytotoxic properties against colon cancer | Sharma et al. (2019) |
| HT-29 | Lactobacillus casei 01 | 109 CFU/ml | Exerted cytotoxic effects | Liu et al. (2011b) |
| HT-29 | Lactobacillus casei ATCC 393, Lactobacillus plantarum ATCC 14917,and Lactobacillus paracasei K5 | 109 CFU/ml | Caused a significant decrease in proliferation of cancer cells in a time- and dose-dependent manner | Mantzourani et al. (2019) |
| HT-29 and Caco-2 | VSL3(Lactobacillus acidophilus, Lactobacillus bulgaricus, Lactobacillus casei, Lactobacillus plantarum, Bifidobacterium breve, Bifidobacterium infantis, Bifidobacterium longum, and Streptococcus thermophilus) | NA | Increased the expression of PPARγ | Ewaschuk et al. (2006) |
| HT-29 and L-929 | Lactobacillus paracasei and Lactobacillus brevis | NA | Induced apoptosis in cancer cells | Mojibi et al. (2019) |
| HT-29 | Lactobacillus acidophilus 606 | NA | Exerted anti-tumorigenic properties by inducing the expression of Beclin-1, GRP78, Bcl-2, and Bak | Kim et al. (2010) |
| HT-29 and HCT-116 | Lactobacillus plantarum | NA | Increased the activity of caspase-3 and suppressed the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway. Therefore, reversed chemoresistance and enhanced the therapeutic effect of 5-FU in colon cancer | Mirzaei et al. (2016) |
| HT-29 and HCT-116 | Lactobacillus spp | 3 × 108 CFU/ml | Down-regulated expression of IL-1β and TNF-α.cfos and cjun transcripts were significantly upregulated after probiotic intervention | Shyu et al. (2014) |
| HT-29 | Lactobacillus paracasei subsp. paracasei M5L | 109 CFU/ml | Via generating ROS production, inducing cell cycle arrest, and calreticulin translocation | Hu et al. (2015b) |
| HT-29 | Leuconostoc mesenteroides | NA | By regulating MAPK1, Bax, and caspase 3 and downregulation of Akt, NF-Kb, and Bcl-XL promoted apoptosis. Besides, suppressed the expression of miRNA-21 and miRNA-200b | Zununi Vahed et al. (2017) |
| HT-29, Caco2, and HeLa | Propionibacterium acidipropionici strain CNRZ80, Propionibacterium freudenreichii subsp. freudenreichii strain ITG18, and Propionibacterium freudenreichii subsp. shermanii strain SI41 | NA | Via short-chain fatty acids acting on the mitochondria, caused apoptosis in cancer cells | Jan et al. (2002) |
| HT-29 and HCT-116 | Propionibacterium freudenreichii | NA | Induced apoptosis by increasing pro-apoptotic gene expression (TRAIL-R2/DR5) and decreasing FLIP and XIAP. | Cousin et al. (2016) |
| Caco-2 | Bifidobacterium animalis subsp. lactis DSM10140, Bifidobacterium longum subsp. longum DSM20097, and Bifidobacterium breve DSM20213 | >5.0 logs CFU/g | Caused remarkable cytotoxic activities | Ayyash et al. (2018) |
| Caco-2 | Lactobacillus rhamnosus and Bifidobacterium lactis | 108 CFU/ml | Induced FAS-independent apoptosis and increased BAX translocation and release of cytochrome c and cleavage of caspase-3 and -9 | Altonsy et al. (2010) |
| Caco-2 and HT-29 | Lactobacillus plantarum A7 and Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG | NA | Decreased the growth rate of cancer cells | Sadeghi-Aliabadi et al. (2014) |
| Caco-2 | Escherichia coli Nissle 1917 | 25 × 107 CFU | Decreased ROS generation | Wang et al. (2015) |
| Caco-2 | Lactobacillus plantarum | NA | Upregulated the mRNA expression of HBD-2 and modulated the TLR-2 and IL-23 expression | Paolillo et al. (2009) |
| Caco-2 | Lactobacillus paracasei | 108 CFU/ml | Inhibited the mRNA expressions of CXCR4 | Nozari et al. (2019) |
| Caco-2 | Pediococcus pentosaceus FP3, Lactobacillus salivarius FP25, Lactobacillus salivarius FP35, and Enterococcus faecium FP51 | NA | Triggered the biosynthesis of short-chain fatty acids | Thirabunyanon and Hongwittayakorn, (2013) |
| Caco-2 and CLS | Enterococcus faecium RM11 and Lactobacillus fermentum RM28 | NA | Triggered anti-proliferative activities in colon cancer cells | Thirabunyanon et al. (2009) |
| Caco2, SKCO-1, SW620, and IEC-18 | Lactobacillus casei ATCC334 | NA | Suppressed colon cancer progression via affecting the JNK pathway | Konishi et al. (2016) |
| DLD-1 | Lactobacillus rhamnosus strain GG | 108 CFU/ml | Exerted anti-proliferative effects | Orlando et al. (2009) |
| DLD-1 | Lactobacillus rhamnosus (LR) KCTC 12202BP | NA | Inhibited cell proliferation through affecting the p53-p21-cyclin B1/Cdk1 signaling pathway | An et al. (2019) |
| TC-1 | Lactobacillus casei BL23, Lactococcus lactis MG1363, and Lactococcus lactis NZ9000 | 1 × 109 CFU of each strain or recombinant | Probiotic strain Lactobacillus casei BL23 caused IL-2-mediated anti-tumoral properties | Jacouton et al. (2018) |
| CT-26 | Lactobacillus casei variety rhamnosus (Lcr35) | 1 × 103–7 CFU of the probiotics | Downregulated the expression of TNF-α and IL-6 | Chang et al. (2018) |
| CT-26 | Lactobacillus acidophilus NCFM | 1 × 108 CFU | Suppressed tumor growth in intestinal tissue | Chen et al. (2012) |
| MCF-7, HT-29, HeLa, HepG2, HL60, K562, and MCF-10A | Lactobacillus plantarum strains | NA | Caused anti-proliferative and pro-apoptotic effects against malignant cancer cells | Chuah et al. (2019) |
| LS513 | Lactobacillus acidophilus CL1285 and Lactobacillus casei LBC80R | 108 CFU/ml | Via upregulating the caspase-3 protein and enhanced the pro-apoptotic capacity of the 5-FU. | Baldwin et al. (2010) |