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. 2021 Dec 21;8:797004. doi: 10.3389/fnut.2021.797004

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Copyright © 2021 Kim, Chijiki, Fukazawa, Okubo, Ozaki, Nanba, Higashi, Shioyama, Takahashi, Nakaoka and Shibata.

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

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Comparison of handgrip strength between patterns with only one meal of adequate protein intake, and correlation of the rate of breakfast protein intake with physical function (cross-sectional study 2-3). (A) Comparison of grip strength between patterns with only one meal of adequate protein intake, Correlation between muscle mass (B), SMI (C), handgrip strength (D), and the rate of breakfast protein intake. Values are expressed as mean and standard error. ^$$P < 0.01, compared to 1 meal D (one-way ANOVA). Pearson's product-moment correlation coefficient. SMI, skeletal muscle index; B, breakfast; L, lunch; D, inner.