Fig. 2.

Peripheral linkages described in protist, fungal and invertebrate glycans. Examples of peripheral saccharides and their nonsaccharide modifications of protist, fungal, and invertebrate glycans are summarized, together with organisms where found and relevant references (9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20, 21, 22, 23, 24, 25). A, N-glycans. B, O-glycans. See Figure 1 for the symbol key and the text for explanations. Empty symbols indicate undetermined sugar isomer. N indicates linkage to Asn and R/R′/R′′ the remainder of a glycan structure.