Fig. 6.

Virus-adsorbed AO-MPs polarize AMs toward the M2 phenotype a AMs were infected with 5 × 10⁴ TCID₅₀ SARS-CoV-2 for 24 h. The mRNA levels of Nos2, Arg1, IL-1β, IL-6, and TNF-α were detected by qPCR. b, c SARS-CoV-2 (1 × 10⁵ TCID₅₀) was incubated with 5 × 10⁶ AO-MPs (SARS-2/MP) or PBS (SARS-2/Ctrl) for 30 min at 37 °C, and then the mixture or PBS (Ctrl) was intranasally administered to hACE2-transgenic mice (n = 3). After 24 h, the relative gene expression in AMs was detected by qPCR. The data represent the mean ± SD of three independent experiments. ^ns no statistical significance, * p < 0.05, ** p < 0.01, *** p < 0.001; one-way ANOVA (a–c)