Table 1.

Summary of published SARS-CoV-2-neutralizing Abs until October, 2021

	Ab name*/epitope	Source	Method for structure	In vitro neutralization	In vivo experiment	References
1	B38/RBM	B cell, COVID-19 patient	X-ray crystallography	AV, CPE50 = 177.0 ng/ml	hACE2 mice, Treatment, 25 mg/kg, ↓3.3 log	[72]
2	47D11/RBD	Hybridoma mice, SARS-CoV	Cryo-EM	AV, PRNT50 = 570.0 ng/ml	Hamsters, Prophylactic, 3 mg/1 mL or 500 μL human convalescent plasma, TCID50 (Lung) ↓ 1–2 log	[40, 67, 246]
3	S309 (VIR-7831, Sotrovimab)/RBD	Human patient, SARS-CoV, and Single B cell	Cryo-EM	AV, FRNT50 = 79.0 ng/ml	Hamsters, Prophylactic, 5 mg/kg, viral load↓3 log	[96, 97]
4	311mab-31B5/RBD 311mab-32D4/RBD	B cell, COVID-19 patient	N.D	PSV, 311mab-31B5, IC50 = 33.8 ng/ml. 311mab-32D4, IC50 = 69.8 ng/ml	N.D	[100]
5	BD-23/RBM and N165 glycan of the neighboring “down” RBD	B cell, COVID-19 patient	Cryo-EM	AV, PRNT50 = 15.0 ng/ml	hACE2 mice, Prophylactic, 20 mg/kg, viral load, ↓ 7 log Treatment, 20 mg/kg, viral load, ↓ 4 log	[194]
6	2B04/RBD 1B07/RBD	Immunized Mouse single B cell	N.D	AV, 2B04, FRNT50 = 1.46 ng/ml 1B07, FRNT50 = 37.0 ng/ml	hACE2 mice, Prophylactic, 10 mg/kg, RNA 107 → 106	[247]
7	REGN10933(Casirivimab)/RBM REGN10987 (Imdevimab)/RBD	REGN10933/Humanized mice REGN10987/Patient single B cell	HDX-MS Cryo-EM	AV, REGN10933, PRNT50 = 5.6 ng/ml REGN10987, PRNT50 = 6.3 ng/ml	REGN10933 + REGN10987, Rhesus macaques, Prophylactic, 25 mg/kg, subgenomic RNA, ↓ 2 log Hamsters, Prophylactic, 50, 5, or 0.5 mg/kg, subgenomic RNA, ↓ 3, 2, 1 log Treatment, 50, 5, or 0.5 mg/kg, subgenomic RNA, ↓ 4, 4, 2 log	[41, 82]
8	4A8/NTD	B cell, COVID-19 patient	Cryo-EM	AV, virus RNA by qPCR IC50 = 390 ng/ml	N.D	[74]
9	COVA1-22/NTD COVA1-18/RBD COVA2-15/RBM	B cell, COVID-19 patient	Negative stain EM	PSV, COVA1-18, IC50 = 8.0 ng/ml COVA2-15, IC50 = 8.0 ng/ml AV, VeroE6 cells staining, COVA1-18, IC50 = 7.0 ng/ml COVA2-15, IC50 = 9.0 ng/ml	hACE2 mice, Prophylactic, 10 mg/kg, viral load, ↓ 4 log Treatment, 10 mg/kg, viral load, ↓ 4 log Hamsters, Treatment, 10 mg/kg, Viral titer, ↓ 3 log Cynomolgus macaques, Prophylactic, 10 mg/kg, absence of detectable sgRNA subgenomic RNA	[71, 248]
10	CV30/RBM	B cell, COVID-19 patient	N.D	PSV, IC50 = 30 ng/ml	N.D	[70, 249]
11	P2B-2F6/RBD	B cell, COVID-19 patient	X-ray crystallography	AV, P2B-2F6, PRNT50 = 50 ng/ml P2B-1F11, PRNT50 = 30 ng/ml	N.D	[250]
12	C121/RBD C135/RBD C144/RBD	B cell, COVID-19 patient	Negative stain EM, X-ray crystallography, and Cryo-EM	AV, VeroE6 cells infection (IFA) C121, IC50 = 1.64 ng/ml C135, IC50 = 2.98 ng/ml C144, IC50 = 2.55 ng/ml	N.D	[197, 251]
13	COV2-2130 (Cilgavimab)/RBM COV2-2196 (Tixagevimab)/RBM	B cell, COVID-19 patient	Negative stain EM	AV, FRNT COV2-2130, IC50 = 107 ng/ml COV2-2196, IC50 = 15 ng/ml PSV, COV2-2130, IC50 = 1.6 ng/ml COV2-2196, IC50 = 0.7 ng/ml	hACE2 mice, 10 mg/kg Prophylactic, lung plaque assay (PFU) COV2-2130, ↓ 3 log COV2-2196, ↓ 3 log COV2-2130 + COV2-2196, ↓ 3 log Rhesus macaques, 50 mg/kg Prophylactic, subgenomic viral RNA COV2-2196, ↓ 3 log BALB/c mice, 20 mg/kg Treatment, lung plaque assay (PFU) COV2-2130, ↓ 1 log COV2-2196, ↓ 4 log COV2-2130 + COV2-2196, ↓ 4 log	[100, 101]
14	IgG1 ab1/RBD	Fab, scFv, VH phage display libraries	N.D	PSV, Luciferase reporter virus IC50 = 200 ng/ml	hACE2 mice, 3 mg/kg Prophylactic, lung plaque assay (PFU) 104.5 → 101	[39]
15	rRBD-15/RBD	Phage display	N.D	PSV, IC50 = 1830 ng/ml	N.D	[252]
16	HbnC3t1p1_C6/RBD	B cell, COVID-19 patient	N.D	AV, CPE, IC100 = 40 ng/ml	N.D	[253]
17	2–15/RBM 2–7/RBD	B cell, COVID-19 patient	Cryo-EM	AV, CPE 2–15, IC50 = 0.7 ng/ml 2–7, IC50 = 3.0 ng/ml PSV, CPE 2–15, IC50 = 5.0 ng/ml 2–7, IC50 = 10.0 ng/ml	Hamsters, 0.3 ~ 1.5 mg/kg 2–15, Prophylactic, RNA copy 106 → 102, ↓ 4 log	[66, 254]
18	S2H13/RBM	B cell, COVID-19 patient	Cryo-EM	PSV, IC50 = 500 ng/ml	N.D	[255]
19	S2M11/RBD S2E12/RBM	B cell, COVID-19 patient	Cryo-EM	PSV, S2M11, IC50 = 2.1 ng/ml S2E12, IC50 = 2.3 ng/ml AV, Focus-forming assay S2M11, IC50 = 1.2 ng/ml S2E12, IC50 = 4.2 ng/ml	Hamsters, 1 mg/kg, Prophylactic, S2M11, TCID50 105 → 101, ↓ 4 log S2E12, TCID50 105 → 101, ↓ 4 log S2M11 + S2E12, TCID50 105 → 101, ↓ 4 log 0.5 mg/kg, Prophylactic, S2M11 + S2E12, TCID50 105 → 103, ↓ 2 log	[256]
20	CV07-209/N.D. CV07-250/RBM	B cell, COVID-19 patient	X-ray crystallography	AV, CV07-209, PRNT50 = 3.1 ng/ml CV07-250, PRNT50 = 3.5 ng/ml	Hamsters, CV07-209, 18 mg/kg Prophylactic, ↓ 4 ~ 5 log, Treatment, ↓ 3 ~ 4 log	[257]
21	P008_056/NTD	B cell, COVID-19 patient	Cryo-EM and X-ray crystallography	AV, CPE50 = 30 ng/ml	N.D	[258]
22	58G6/RBM 13G9/RBM	B cell, COVID-19 patient	Cryo-EM	AV, 58G6, PRNT50 = 6.0 ng/ml 13G9, PRNT50 = 9.2 ng/ml PSV, 58G6, IC50 = 4.0 ng/ml 13G9, IC50 = 5.9 ng/ml	hACE2 mice, 10 mg/kg, Prophylactic, PRNT50 ↓ 3 log	[207]
23	S1D7/RBD S3D8/RBD	Immunised Mouse	N.D	AV, VeroE6 cells infection (IFA) S1D7, IC50 = 405 ng/ml S3D8, IC50 = 139 ng/ml S1D7 + S3D8, IC = 200 ng/ml	N.D	[259]
24	Wang-C387/RBD Wang-C437/RBD	B cell, COVID-19 patient	N.D	AV, VeroE6 cells infection (IFA) Wang-C387, IC50 = 8.4 ng/ml Wang-C437, IC50 = 2.0 ng/ml PSV, Wang-C387, IC50 = 10.6 ng/ml Wang-C437, IC50 = 4.9 ng/ml	N.D	[260]
25	S2-X333/NTD	B cell, COVID-19 patient	Cryo-EM	AV, S2-X333, IC50 = 2.0 ng/ml	Hamsters, viral challenge Viral RNA copies/mg lung: 4 mg/kg, 106 → 103, ↓ 3 log TCID50/mg lung: 1 mg/kg, 104 → 101, ↓ 3 log 4 mg/kg, 104 → 101, ↓ 3 log	[34]
26	C601/RBD	B cell, COVID-19 patient	Cryo-EM	PSV, Luciferase assay IC50 = 2.0 ng/ml	N.D	[191]
27	LY-CoV555 (Bamlanivimab)/RBD	B cell, COVID-19 patient	Cryo-EM and X-ray crystallography	AV, PRNT50 = 20 ng/ml (WA isolate) PRNT50 = 49 ng/ml (Italy isolate) PSV, stably transfected ACE2 IC50 = 12 ng/ml	Rhesus macaques, 2.5 mg/kg Prophylactic, BAL viral replication (Day3): ↓ > 1 log RNA copies/ml BAL viral replication (Day6): ↓ > 2 log RNA copies/ml Lung viral replication (Day6): ↓ > 3 log RNA copies/ml	[89]
28	XG003/RBD	B cell, COVID-19 patient	N.D	AV, XG005, IC50 =  ~ 100 ng/ml XG014, IC50 = 5.1 ng/ml PSV, Luciferase assay XG005, IC50 = 6.1 ng/ml XG014, IC50 = 14.4 ng/ml	N.D	[261]
29	CM17/NTD	B cell, COVID-19 patient	Cryo-EM	AV, IC50 = 30 ng/ml	MA10 mice, virus titer (PFU), 105 to 103, ↓ 2 log (MA10 mice: BALB/c mouse model, a pathogenic mouse ACE2-adapted SARS-CoV-2 variant)	[262]
30	ABP18/RBD	Phage Display (Ab, human, non-immune)	N.D	PSV, Luciferase assay IC50 = 60 ng/ml	N.D	[263]
31	ION-360/RBD	B cell, COVID-19 patient	X-ray crystallography	PSV, Luciferase assay IC50 = 25.5 ng/ml	N.D	[264]
32	STE90-C11/RBD	Phage Display Library (Antibody, human, immune—CoV2)	X-ray crystallography	AV, PRNT50 = 84 ng/ml	N.D	[48]
33	FC05/NTD	Phage Display Library (Antibody, human, immune—CoV2)	Cryo-EM	N.D	N.D	[265]
34	P17/RBD	Phage Display (Ab, human, non-immune)	Cryo-EM	PSV, IC50 = 24.8 ng/ml, AV, PRNT50 = 29.2 ng/ml	hACE mice, 20 mg/kg Prophylactic + Treatment, ↓ 1.93 log RNA copies/g, > 2 log PFU/ml (lung) Treatment, ↓ 1 log RNA copies/g, > 2 log PFU/ml (lung)	[266]
35	HB27/RBD	Humanized from Immunised Mouse	Cryo-EM	PSV, IC50 = 6 ng/ml AV, PRNT50 = 33 ng/ml	hACE mice, 20 mg/kg Prophylactic, Day3 (lung): ↓ 5 log RNA copies/g, > 3 log PFU/ml Day5 (lung): ↓ 3 log RNA copies/g, > 1 log PFU/ml Therapeutic treatment: Day3 (lung): ↓ 4 log RNA copies/g, > 3 log PFU/ml Day5 (lung): ↓ 3 log RNA copies/g, > 1 log PFU/ml	[267]
36	6D3/S1-S2 cleavage Site	Mouse Hybridoma	X-ray crystallography	N.D	N.D	[268]
37	P4A1/RBD	B cell, COVID-19 patient	X-ray crystallography	PSV, IC50 = 975 ng/ml	Cynomolgus monkeys, 10 mg/kg, Day7 (lung): ↓ 3–4 log viral load (copies/g)	[43]
38	P5A-1B9/RBM	B cell, COVID-19 patient	Cryo-EM	AV, IC50 = 16.5 ng/ml PSV, IC50 = 12.0 ng/ml	N.D	[269]
39	TAU-1109/RBD	B cell, COVID-19 patient	N.D	PSV, pseudo-typed GFP SARS-CoV-2 IC50 = 45 ng/ml	N.D	[270]
40	58G6/RBD	B cell, COVID-19 patient	N.D	AV, RT-qPCR IC50 = 9.98 ng/ml	N.D	[271]
41	H014/RBD	Immunized Humanized (hACE2) Mouse	Cryo-EM	AV, PRNT50 = 5725.5 ng/ml	hACE2 mice, 50 mg/kg, Viral load, Treatment ↓ 1 log, Prophylactic + therapeutic treatment ↓2 log	[46]
42	BD-368–2/RBM	B cell, COVID-19 patient	Cryo-EM	AV, IC50 = 15 ng/ml: PSV, IC50 = 1.2 ng/ml	hACE2 mice, 20 mg/kg, Prophylactic, Viral load ↓6 log Treatment, Viral load ↓3 log	[194, 272]
43	CnC2t1p1_B4/RBD	B cell, COVID-19 patient	N.D	AV, IC100 =  ~ 10,000 ng/ml	N.D	[253]
44	413–2/non-RBD	B cell, COVID-19 patient	N.D	AV, IC50 =  ~ 7500 ng/ml PSV, IC50 = 8198 ng/ml	N.D	[273]
45	EY6A/RBD	B cell, COVID-19 patient	X-ray crystallography	AV, PRNT50 ~ 10,800 ng/ml	N.D	[60]
46	Fab1-20/RBD	B cell, COVID-19 patient	N.D	PSV, IC50 = 8 ng/ml	N.D	[66]
47	MD65/RBD	Phage Display Library (Antibody, human, immune—CoV2)	N.D	AV, PRNT50 = 220 ng/ml	N.D	[73]
48	CC12.1/RBD	B cell, COVID-19 patient	X-ray crystallography	PSV, HeLa-ACE2, IC50 = 46 ng/ml VER0-6, IC50 = 120 ng/ml	Hamsters, Prophylactic, 16.5 ~ 4.2 mg/kg Viral RNA, ↓2.5 log	[39, 274]
49	CA521/RBD	Transgenic Mouse	Cryo-EM	AV, PRNT50 = 0.73 ng/ml PSV, IC50 = 0.1 ng/ml	C57BL/6 mice, 20 mg/kg, Prophylactic, Viral RNA ↓2–4 log	[275]
50	BG10-19/RBD	B cell, COVID-19 patient	Cryo-EM and X-ray crystallography	PSV, D614G, IC50 = 2.0 ng/ml B.1.1.7, IC50 = 1.0 ng/ml B.1.351, IC50 = 4.0 ng/ml	N.D	[276]
51	COV2-2531/S2	B cell, COVID-19 patient	Negative stain EM	PSV, IC50 = 1.6 ng/ml	hACE2 mice, 10 mg/kg, Viral RNA ↓2 log	[207]
52	RBD-chAb-15/RBM RBD-chAb-25/RBM RBD-chAb-45/RBM	Hybridoma screening and humanized	Cryo-EM	AV, WT, RBD-chAb-15, PRNT50 = 30.3 ng/ml RBD-chAb-25, PRNT50 = 15.8 ng/ml RBD-chAb-45, PRNT50 = 9.9 ng/ml B.1.617.2, RBD-chAb-15, PRNT50 = 37.8 ng/ml RBD-chAb-45, PRNT50 = 18.0 ng/ml RBD-chAb-15 + 45, PRNT50 = 37.5 ng/ml PSV, WT, RBD-chAb-15, IC50 = 52.3 ng/ml RBD-chAb-25, IC50 = 25.44 ng/ml RBD-chAb-45, IC50 = 2.3 ng/ml B.1.617.2, RBD-chAb-15, PRNT50 = 103.6 ng/ml RBD-chAb-45, PRNT50 = 15.5 ng/ml RBD-chAb-15 + 45, PRNT50 = 25.7 ng/ml	Hamsters, Prophylactic, WT, 3 mg/kg RBD-chAb-15: TCID50 ↓ 1 log RBD-chAb-45: TCID50 ↓ 3.5 log RBD-chAb-15 + 45: TCID50 ↓ 4 log WT, 4.5 mg/kg RBD-chAb25: TCID50 ↓ 2 log RBD-chAb45: TCID50 ↓ 2 log RBD-chAb25 + 45: TCID50 ↓ 4 log AAV-hACE2 mice, Treatment, WT, 3 mg/kg RBD-chAb25 + 45: TCID50 ↓ 1.5 log Hamsters, Treatment, WT, 3 mg/kg RBD-chAb-15 + 45: TCID50 ↓ 4 log RBD-chAb25 + 45: TCID50 ↓ 4 log B.1.617.2, 6 mg/kg RBD-chAb-45: TCID50 ↓ 3 log RBD-chAb-15 + 45: TCID50 ↓ 3.5 log	[50, 75, 76]
53	CT-P59	B cell, COVID-19 patient	X-ray crystallography	AV, PRNT50 = 8.4 ng/ml	Ferrets, Treatment, 30 mg/kg TCID50 (Lung) ↓ 1 log Hamsters, Treatment, 30 mg/kg TCID50 (Lung) ↓ 7 log Rhesus monkeys, Treatment, 45 mg/kg TCID50 (Lung) unchanged	[47]
54	LY-CoV016 (Etesevimab, CB6 JS016,)/RBM	B cell, COVID-19 patient	X-ray crystallography	AV, CPE50 = 36 ng/ml PSV, CPE50 = 23 ng/ml	Rhesus monkeys, Prophylactic, 50 mg/kg Day3 (lung): ↓ 4 log RNA Rhesus monkeys, Treatment, 50 mg/kg Day3 (lung): ↓ 2 log RNA	[51]
55	2C08/RBD	B-cell; SARS-CoV-2 Vaccinee	Cryo-EM	AV, FRNT50 = 5 ng/ml	Hamsters, 2 mg/animal Prophylactic, viral RNA ↓ 3–4 log	[277]
56	S2X259/RBD	B cell, COVID-19 patient	Cryo-EM	AV, S2X259, PRNT50 = 144.2 ng/ml PSV, IC50 = 212.3 ng/ml	Hamsters, B.1.351 viral challenge TCID50/mg lung: 1 mg/kg, 104 → 103, ↓ 1 log 4 mg/kg, 104 → 101, ↓ 3 log 1 + 1 mg/kg with S309, 104 → 101, ↓ 3 log	[61]
57	A23-58–1/RBD	B cell, COVID-19 patient	Cryo-EM and Negative stain EM	AV, CPE, USA-WA1, IC50 = 2.0 ng/ml PSV, Luciferase assay D614G, IC50 = 1.8 ng/ml B.1.1.7, IC50 < 0.6 ng/ml B.1.351, IC50 = 1.6 ng/ml	N.D	[278]
58	COV107-23/RBD	B-cells; SARS-CoV-2 Human patient	X-ray crystallography	N.D	N.D	[279]
59	910–30/RBD	B-cells; SARS-CoV-2 Human patient	Cryo-EM	AV, CPE, IC50 = 183 ng/ml PSV, Luciferase assay IC50 = 66 ng/ml	N.D	[280]
60	DH1043/RBD DH1052/NTD	B-cells; SARS-CoV-2 Human patient	Cryo-EM and Negative stain EM	PSV, Luciferase assay DH1043, IC50 = 34 ng/ml DH1050, IC50 > 100,000 ng/ml	BALB/c mice, 30 mg/kg, Prophylactic, DH1052, viral RNA, ↓ 1 log Macaque, Prophylactic, 10 mg/kg lung subgenomic RNA DH1043, ↓ 5 log DH1052 ↓ < 1 log	[281]
61	C1A-B3/RBD	B-cells; SARS-CoV-2 Human patient	X-ray crystallography	AV, PRNT50 = 62 ng/ml PSV, Lentivirus pseudotype D614G, IC50 = 81 ng/ml	N.D	[282]
62	S2H97/RBD	B-cells; SARS-CoV-2 Human patient	X-ray crystallography and Cryo-EM	AV, PRNT50 = 794 g/ml PSV, PRNT50 = 338 ng/ml	Hamsters, 25 mg/animal Prophylactic, viral RNA ↓ 4 log	[62]
63	47D1/RBD	B-cells; SARS-CoV-2 Human patient	X-ray crystallography	AV, PRNT50 = 12.7 ng/ml PSV, Luciferase assay IC50 = 6.0 ng/ml	Hamsters, Prophylactic, 100, 25, or 6.25 mg/kg, lung viral RNA ↓ 1 log 1.6, or 0.4 mg/kg, lung viral RNA without difference	[283]
64	S2P6/S2	B-cells; SARS-CoV-2 Human patient	X-ray crystallography and Cryo-EM	PSV, Luciferase assay D614G, IC50 ~ 10,000 ng/ml P.1, IC50 ~ 10,000 ng/ml B.1.1.7, IC50 ~ 100,000 ng/ml B.1.351, IC50 ~ 100,000 ng/ml B.1.617.1, IC50 ~ 20,000 ng/ml	Hamsters, Prophylactic, Prototypic SARS-CoV-2 20 mg/kg, TCID50 (Lung) ↓ 2 log 2 mg/kg, TCID50 (Lung) < 1 log B.1.351 SARS-CoV-2 20 mg/kg, TCID50 (Lung) ↓ 1.5 log	[284]
65	P5A-3C8/RBD	B-cells; SARS-CoV-2 Human patient	X-ray crystallography	AV, FRNT50 = 11.2 ng/ml PSV, Luciferase assay IC50 = 20.6 ng/ml	Hamsters, Prophylactic, 5 mg/kg, lung viral RNA ↓ 1 log	[285]
66	5A6/RBD	Phage Display (Ab, human, non-immune)	Cryo-EM	AV, CPE, IC50 = 140.7 ng/ml PSV, Luciferase assay IC50 = 75.5 ng/ml	N.D	[286]
67	BLN12/NTD	Phage Display (Ab, human, immune [SARS-CoV-2])	N.D	AV, PRNT50 = 8.0 ng/ml	hACE2 mice, Prophylactic 5 mg/kg, 100% protection of death 0.5 mg/kg, 80% protection of death	[287]
68	N12-11/NTD	B-cells; SARS-CoV-2 Human patient	Cryo-EM	PSV, Luciferase assay IC50 ~ 490 ng/ml	N.D	[288]
69	2B11/RBD	Phage Display (Ab, human, immune [SARS-CoV-2])	X-ray crystallography	AV, PRNT50 = 1.0 ng/ml PSV, Luciferase assay IC50 = 6.0 ng/ml B.1.1.7, IC50 = 12.2 ng/ml B.1.351, IC50 = 5091 ng/ml P.1, IC50 = 2527 ng/ml	hACE2 mice, 25 or 75 mg/kg, Prophylactic, lung viral RNA ↓ 2 log Treatment, lung viral RNA ↓ 1 log	[289]
70	mAb40/RBD	B-cells; SARS-CoV-2 Human patient	N.D	AV, B.1.167.2, FRNT50 = 29 ng/ml PSV, Luciferase assay B.1.167.1, IC50 = 24 ng/ml B.1.167.2, IC50 = 24 ng/m B.1.1.519, IC50 = 17 ng/ml l B.1.429, IC50 = 11 ng/ml	N.D	[216]
71	C549/RBD	B-cells; SARS-CoV-2 Human patient	N.D	PSV, Luciferase assay WT, IC50 = 10.95 ng/ml Q493R, IC50 = 2.35 ng/m E484G, IC50 = 2.29 ng/ml R346S, IC50 = 8.33 ng/ml	N.D	[220]
72	SARS2-38/RBD	Immunised Mouse	Cryo-EM	AV, FRNT50 = 5.0 ng/ml PSV, FRNT50 = 6.0 ng/ml	hACE2 mice, 5 mg/kg Ab, Treatment, viral RNA, ↓ 3 log Hamsters, 10 mg/kg, Treatment, viral RNA, ↓ 2 log	[290]
73	54,042–4/RBD	B-cells; SARS-CoV-2 Human patient	Cryo-EM	PSV, Real-time cell analysis assay IC50 = 9.0 ng/ml AV, ELISA B.1.1.7, IC50 = 5.5 ng/ml B.1.351, IC50 = 9.7 ng/ml B.1.617.2, IC50 = 1.5 ng/ml P.1, IC50 = 3.7 ng/ml	N.D	[291]
74	MA1/RBD	Immunised Mouse	Cryo-EM	AV, Luciferase assay IC50 ~ 10 ng/ml PSV, Luciferase assay IC50 ~ 10 ng/ml	N.D	[292]
75	C12A2/RBD C12C9/NTD	B-cells; SARS-CoV-2 Human patient	Cryo-EM	AV, CPE USA-WA1 C12A2, IC50 = 2 ng/ml C12C9, IC50 = 43 ng/ml B.1.1.7, C12A2, IC50 = 8 ng/ml C12C9, IC50 = 6 ng/ml B.1.351, C12A2, IC50 > 50 ng/ml C12C9, IC50 > 500 ng/ml	N.D	[293]
76	TRES6/RBD	Transgenic Mouse	N.D	AV, CoV-2-ER1 (D614G) TRES6, IC50 = 102 ng/ml TRES6hu, IC50 = 33 ng/ml	hACE2 mice, viral challenge 5.25 mg/kg Ab, Log10 viral load (RNA copies) reduction: 4 days post, lung 30x, BAL 40x 10 days post, lung 100x, BAL 400x Prevented body weight loss, Reduced clinical symptoms	[294]
77	C1027/RBD	B-cells; SARS-CoV-2 Human patient	N.D	PSV, after 12 month WT, IC50 = 20.8 ng/ml K417N, IC50 = 4.1 ng/m E484K, IC50 = 3.4 ng/ml N501Y, IC50 = 16.8 ng/ml AV, after 12 month WA1/2020, IC50 = 9.35 ng/ml B.1.351, IC50 = 6.08 ng/ml	N.D	[295]
78	NT-193/RBD	Immunised mouse (TC-mAb)	X-ray crystallography	PSV, WT IgG1, IC50 =  ~ 5.0 ng/ml IgG3, IC50 =  ~ 1.0 ng/ml AV, WT, IgG1, TCID50 =  ~ 600 ng/ml IgG3, TCID50 =  ~ 600 ng/ml D614G, IgG1, TCID50 =  ~ 250 ng/ml IgG3, TCID50 =  ~ 150 ng/ml	Hamsters, IgG3, Viral RNA copies/mg lung: Prophylactic, 1.25 mg/kg, 106 → 105, ↓ 1 log 5 mg/kg, TCID50 106 → 105, ↓ 1 log Treatment, 1.25 mg/kg, 106 → 105, ↓ 1 log 5 mg/kg, TCID50 106 → 104, ↓ 2 log	[296]
79	7B8/RBD	Immunised mouse (RenMab)	Cryo-EM	PSV, D614G, IC50 =  ~ 100 ng/ml B.1.1.7, IC50 =  ~ 100 ng/ml N501Y, IC50 =  ~ 100 ng/ml	N.D	[297]
80	CC40.1/RBD	B-cells; SARS-CoV-2 Human patient	X-ray crystallography	PSV, IC50 < 100 ng/ml	N.D	[298]
81	STE73-2E9/RBD	Phage Display Library (Antibody, human, immune-CoV2)	N.D	AV, TCID50 = 61.5 ng/ml	N.D	[48]
82	Fab-324/RBD	Phage Display Library (Antibody, human, non-immune)	Cryo-EM	PSV, Multabody, IC50 = 24 ng/ml IgG, IC50 = 21,000 ng/ml	N.D	[299]
83	P5C3/RBD	B-cells; SARS-CoV-2 Human patient	Cryo-EM	PSV, WT, IC50 = 4.0 ng/ml D614G, IC50 = 14.0 ng/ml E484K/N501Y, IC50 = 4.0 ng/ml K417N/E484K/N501Y, IC50 = 13.0 ng/ml AV, CPE WT, IC50 = 5.0 ng/ml D614G, IC50 = 11.0 ng/ml B.1.1.7, IC50 = 8.0 ng/ml B.1.351, IC50 = 3.0 ng/ml	Hamsters, Prophylactic, 5.0, 1.0, or 0.5 mg/kg Lung viral RNA, all 105 → 102, ↓ 3 log	[300]
84	PDI-222/RBD, WCSL-119/RBD	PDI-222: B-cells; SARS-CoV-2 Human patient WCSL-119: Semi-synthetic Human Fab Library	Cryo-EM	AV, PDI-222, WT, PRNT50 = 5.0 ng/ml D614G, PRNT 50 = 11.0 ng/ml WCSL-119, WT, PRNT50 = 22.0 ng/ml D614G, PRNT 50 = 25.0 ng/ml	B57BL mice, SARS-CoV-2 (D614G N501Y) Prophylactic, 5, 1, or 0.2 mg/kg PDI-222, TCID50 all ↓ 2 log WCSL-119, 5 or 1 mg/kg, TCID50 ↓ 2 log 0.2 mg/kg, TCID50 no change Hamsters, PDI-222, Prophylactic 5 mg/kg, TCID50 ↓ 5 log 0.25 mg/kg, TCID50 ↓ < 1 log	[301]
85	C1207/RBD	B-cells (Human Naïve, mRNA vaccination)	N.D	PSV, after 5 months vaccination WT, IC50 = 17.8 ng/ml K417N, IC50 = 7.2 ng/m N501Y, IC50 = 10.0 ng/ml E484K/R683G, IC50 = 3.3 ng/ml L525R/E484K/R683G, IC50 = 2.4 ng/ml	N.D	[302]

Note 1: In vitro neutralization experiment refers to authentic (AV) or pseudotyped (PSV) SARS-CoV-2 neutralization assay as indicated

Note 2: In vivo experiment refers to the animal type, Ab injected amount, and observed prophylactic or treatment efficacy as indicated

↓, decrease after compared to the control group; ~ , roughly estimated; n-log, n × 10 times; AV authentic SARS-CoV-2 virus, CPE cytopathic effect, IC₅₀ half-maximal inhibitory concentrations, IC₁₀₀ 100% inhibitory concentration, IFA immunofluorescence assays, N.D. not determined, NTD N-terminal domain, PFU plaque-forming unit, PSV SARS-CoV-2 pseudovirus, PRNT₅₀ 50% reduction of plaque neutralization test, qPCR real-quantitative polymerase change reaction, RBD receptor binding domain, RBM receptor binding motif, scFv single-chain fragment variable, TCID₅₀ median tissue culture infectious dose; ^*Only listed representative Abs in indicated published papers