Table 2.
Medications, syndromes, symptoms, pathogens, mortality and morbidities of patients with SLE with CNS infection
| Study | CNS infection syndromes (n) | Symptoms on admission (n) | |||||||
| Meningitis | Brain abscess | Headache | Fever | Altered mental status | Meningeal signs | Seizure | N/V | FND | |
| Baizabal-Carvallo et al36 | 25 | 3 | 22 | 18 | 10 | 18 | 6 | -- | -- |
| Hung et al37 | 16 | 1 | 17 | 14 | 7 | 5 | 9 | 11 | 2 |
| Jiang et al38 | -- | -- | 85 | 92 | 49 | -- | 24 | -- | -- |
| Kim et al39 | 11 | 1 | 11 | 11 | 7 | 13 | 2 | 7 | 3 |
| Vargas et al40 | 19 | 4 | 23 | 20 | -- | 7 | 6 | 6 | 4 |
| Yang et al41 | 37 | 1 | 34 | 35 | 19 | 22 | 11 | 23 | 8 |
| Total | 109 | 10 | 192 | 190 | 92 | 65 | 58 | 47 | 17 |
| Study | Immunomodulators and/or immunosuppressants in patients with SLE with CNS infection | ||||||
| No drugs | Prednisone | Prednisone daily dose (mg/day) | Cyclophosphamide | Hydroxychloroquine | Azathioprine | ||
| N | N | Mean | SD | ||||
| Baizabal-Carvallo et al36 | 2 | 23 | 24.5 | 3 | 3 | -- | 13 |
| Hung et al37 | 2 | 15 | 30.7 | 3 | 3 | 4 | 2 |
| Jiang et al38 | -- | -- | 44 | -- | -- | -- | -- |
| Kim et al39 | 0 | 11 | 17 | 0 | 0 | 5 | 1 |
| Vargas et al40 | 0 | 23 | 29 | 10 | 10 | 11 | 0 |
| Yang et al41 | -- | -- | 34.2 | 13 | 13 | 0 | 5 |
| Total | 4 | 72 | -- | 29 | 29 | 20 | 21 |
| Study | Causative pathogens (n) | Persistent neurological sequelae (n) | Relapse (n) | Mortality (n) | ||
| Cryptococcus neoformans | Mycobacterium tuberculosis | Listeria monocytogenes | ||||
| Baizabal-Carvallo et al36 | 3 | 5 | 5 | 9 | 0 | 3 |
| Hung et al37 | 10 | 0 | 4 | 0 | 1 | 7 |
| Jiang et al38 | 18 | 11 | 10 | -- | -- | -- |
| Kim et al39 | 5 | 1 | 2 | 1 | 1 | 1 |
| Vargas et al40 | 7 | 7 | 0 | 2 | 0 | 13 |
| Yang et al41 | 12 | 19 | 3 | -- | -- | 10 |
| Total | 55 | 43 | 24 | 12 | 2 | 34 |
CNS, central nervous system; FND, focal neurological deficits; N/V, nausea or vomiting.