Table 2.
HRs for the incidence rate of oral and cervicogenital HPV in the MHOC study (data collected in Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA, 2015–2017, analysed 2018–2020)
| Oral HPV incidence | Cervicogenital HPV incidence | |||||
| n | HR | 95% CI | n | HR | 95% CI | |
| Age | ||||||
| 18 | 91 | 1 (ref) | — | 29 | 1 (ref) | — |
| 19–22 | 104 | 0.73 | (0.49 to 1.1) | 37 | 1.18 | (0.82 to 1.69) |
| 23–29 | 38 | 0.32 | (0.15 to 0.68) | 13 | 1.03 | (0.63 to 1.67) |
| 30–49 | 37 | 0.77 | (0.45 to 1.29) | 18 | 1.23 | (0.78 to 1.94) |
| 50+ | 47 | 0.46 | (0.27 to 0.79) | 18 | 0.92 | (0.59 to 1.41) |
| Sex | ||||||
| Female | 216 | 1 (ref) | — | 115 | 1 (ref) | — |
| Male | 101 | 0.85 | (0.59 to 1.23) | 0 | — | — |
| Race | ||||||
| White | 189 | 1 (ref) | — | 74 | 1 (ref) | — |
| Asian | 73 | 0.61 | (0.37 to 1.02) | 21 | 0.91 | (0.63 to 1.32) |
| Black/Hispanic/multiracial/unknown | 55 | 1.24 | (0.83 to 1.85) | 20 | 1.33 | (0.95 to 1.87) |
| Marital/partner status | ||||||
| Never married/partnered | 243 | 1 (ref) | — | 84 | 1 (ref) | — |
| Ever married/partnered | 72 | 0.80 | (0.54 to 1.19) | 31 | 0.82 | (0.59 to 1.14) |
| Circumcised (male only) | ||||||
| Yes | 1 (ref) | — | — | — | — | |
| No | 0.70 | (0.33 to1.47) | — | — | — | |
| Ever diagnosed with STI* | ||||||
| No | 296 | 1 (ref) | — | 106 | 1 (ref) | — |
| Yes | 21 | 0.81 | (0.41 to 1.59) | 9 | 1.20 | (0.74 to 1.92) |
| HPV vaccination | ||||||
| No | 142 | 1 (ref) | — | 52 | 1 (ref) | — |
| Yes | 152 | 1.22 | (0.87 to 1.71) | 58 | 0.63 | (0.47 to 0.83) |
| Alcohol use | ||||||
| Never or non-current | 99 | 1 (ref) | — | 31 | 1 (ref) | — |
| Current | 210 | 1.32 | (0.91 to 1.94) | 82 | 1.11 | (0.82 to 1.51) |
| Ever cigarette use | ||||||
| Never | 246 | 1 (ref) | — | 90 | 1 (ref) | — |
| Ever | 68 | 1.37 | (0.71 to 2.62) | 24 | 0.92 | (0.65 to 1.29) |
| Ever marijuana use | ||||||
| Never | 171 | 1 (ref) | — | 61 | 1 (ref) | — |
| Ever | 130 | 1.05 | (0.74 to 1.47) | 51 | 1.48 | (1.12 to 1.96) |
| Sexual attraction | ||||||
| Only to another gender | 229 | 1 (ref) | 84 | 1 (ref) | ||
| Mostly to another gender | 46 | 1.57 | (1.02 to 2.43) | 23 | 1.53 | (1.09 to 2.17) |
| Equal or mostly/only to same gender | 33 | 0.92 | (0.50 to 1.68) | 4 | † | † |
| Deep kissing partners (6 months) | ||||||
| 0 | 132 | 1 (ref) | — | 1 (ref) | — | |
| 1 | 109 | 1.65 | (0.96 to 2.83) | 0.87 | (0.49 to 1.52) | |
| 2+ | 76 | 2.00 | (1.13 to 3.56) | 0.57 | (0.25 to 1.28) | |
| Vaginal to oral to or anal sex partners (6 months) | ||||||
| 0 | 124 | 1 (ref) | — | 1 (ref) | — | |
| 1 | 137 | 1.26 | (0.87 to 1.84) | 1.62 | (1.17 to 2.26) | |
| 2+ | 54 | 1.70 | (1.08 to 2.68) | 2.46 | (1.69 to 3.59) | |
| Vaginal sex partners (6 months) | ||||||
| 0 | 154 | 1 (ref) | — | 1 (ref) | — | |
| 1 | 120 | 1.24 | (0.86 to 1.78) | 1.44 | (1.05 to 1.98) | |
| 2+ | 41 | 1.96 | (1.23 to 3.11) | 3.35 | (2.34 to 4.78) | |
| Received oral sex partners (6 months) | ||||||
| 0 | 152 | 1 (ref) | — | 1 (ref) | — | |
| 1 | 112 | 1.22 | (0.85 to 1.74) | 1.60 | (1.18 to 2.17) | |
| 2+ | 51 | 1.07 | (0.65 to 1.76) | 1.81 | (1.24 to 2.65) | |
| Performed oral sex partners (6 months) | ||||||
| 0 | 165 | 1 (ref) | — | 1 (ref) | — | |
| 1 | 110 | 1.41 | (1.00 to 2.00) | 1.88 | (1.39 to 2.53) | |
| 2+ | 40 | 0.93 | (0.52 to 1.69) | 1.97 | (1.31 to 2.97) | |
| Anal sex partners (6 months) | ||||||
| 0 | 279 | 1 (ref) | — | 1 (ref) | — | |
| 1+ | 34 | 0.88 | (0.50 to 1.56) | 1.33 | (0.89 to 1.99) | |
Bold hazard ratios are statisitically significant at level of significance 0.05.
*Other than HPV.
†Cells with fewer than five participants are censored.
HPV, human papillomavirus; MHOC, Michigan HPV and Oropharyngeal Cancer; STI, sexually transmitted infection.