TABLE 2.
Physiological parameters
| Parameter/Group | n | Baseline (median, IQR) | Hypoxia 42 min (median, IQR) | Asphyxia (median, IQR) | ROSC 5 min (median, IQR) | ROSC 1H (median, IQR) | ROSC 2H (median, IQR) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Weight, kg | |||||||
| HI GNX | 7 | 1.72 (1.56, 1.80) | |||||
| HI vehicle | 7 | 1.60 (1.45, 1.76) | |||||
| Sham GNX | 6 | 1.62 (1.55, 1.72) | |||||
| Sham vehicle | 6 | 1.53 (1.49, 1.71) | |||||
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| Temperature (°C) | |||||||
| HI GNX | 7 | 37.6 (37.5, 37.8) | 38.4 (38.2, 38.7)a | 38.4 (37.8, 38.7) | 37.9 (37.6, 38.2)b | 38.3 (37.6, 39.0) | 38.7 (38.6, 39.0) |
| HI vehicle | 7 | 38.3 (36.0, 38.8) | 38.9 (38.7, 39.2) | 38.1 (37.3, 38.9) | 37.9 (37.7, 38.9) | 38.4 (38.0, 39.0) | 38.9 (38.7, 39.1) |
| Sham GNX | 6 | 38.1 (37.8, 38.5) | 38.7 (38.2, 39.1) | 38.8 (38.5, 39.1) | 39.1 (39.0, 39.3) | ||
| Sham vehicle | 6 | 38.2 (37.5, 38.9) | 38.9 (38.5, 39.1) | 39.2 (38.6, 39.4) | 38.6 (38.3, 39.1) | ||
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| pH | |||||||
| HI GNX | 7 | 7.39 (7.36, 7.42) | 7.29 (7.26, 7.32) | 6.75 (6.70, 6.85) | 7.40 (7.26, 7.41) | 7.30 (7.20, 7.35)c | 7.38 (7.32, 7.44) |
| HI vehicle | 7 | 7.40 (7.34, 7.41) | 7.25 (7.22, 7.31) | 6.78 (6.74, 6.82) | 7.38 (7.35, 7.49) | 7.33 (7.24, 7.36) | 7.33 (7.33, 7.40) |
| Sham GNX | 6 | 7.39 (7.33, 7.46) | 7.39 (7.31, 7.44) | 7.37 (7.36, 7.44) | 7.35 (7.33, 7.45) | ||
| Sham vehicle | 6 | 7.35 (7.31, 7.37) | 7.33 (7.31, 7.36) | 7.42 (7.32, 7.43) | 7.38 (7.33, 7.48) | ||
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| paCO2, mmHg | |||||||
| HI GNX | 7 | 37.6 (33.5, 41.7) | 39.6 (38.3, 41.1) | 110.5 (104.1, 114.5) | 38.4 (32.4, 49.4) | 40.1 (35.3, 42.8) | 40.7 (38.8, 41.5) |
| HI vehicle | 7 | 37.6 (36.9, 42.0) | 43.1 (39.2, 47.5) | 114.0 (110.0, 128.0) | 39.3 (38.8, 39.6) | 37.8 (34.7, 46.7) | 40.4 (38.9, 56.8) |
| Sham GNX | 6 | 38.6 (36.8, 43.3) | 39.4 (35.4, 41.4) | 37.1 (32.8, 39.8) | 35.6 (33.1, 45.9) | ||
| Sham vehicle | 6 | 41.0 (39.5, 44.6) | 39.6 (34.4, 42.0) | 40.4 (34.6, 46.9) | 39.5 (31.7, 41.5) | ||
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| paO2, mmHg | |||||||
| HI GNX | 7 | 144 (138, 191) | 30.4 (27.8, 32.7) | 15.2 (12.7, 18.8) | 147 (140, 165) | 137 (118, 138) | 136 (112, 142) |
| hi vehicle | 7 | 165 (150, 189) | 31.4 (28.2, 32.6) | 18 (15.7, 23.6) | 162 (146, 190) | 146 (126, 165) | 140 (106, 150) |
| Sham GNX | 6 | 162 (131.6, 180.8) | 148 (143.2, 169.8) | 131.5 (130.5, 152.5) | 148 (114, 154.5) | ||
| Sham vehicle | 6 | 144 (131.2, 156.2) | 140 (107.6, 162.5) | 135 (124, 147.5) | 137 (102.9, 172.5) | ||
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| SaO2, % | |||||||
| HI GNX | 7 | 100 (99.8, 100) | 34.3 (24.2, 37.1) | 4.5 (3.9, 6.5) | 100 (99.2, 100) | 99.7 (98.9, 100) | 99.7 (98.6, 100) |
| HI vehicle | 7 | 100 (99.8, 100) | 30.0 (25.8, 38.5) | 3.6 (3.3, 6.7) | 100 (99.4, 100) | 99.9 (99.5, 100) | 99.4 (98.5, 100) |
| Sham GNX | 6 | 100 (96.7, 100) | 100 (99.8, 100) | 100 (99.7, 100) | 99.6 (99.4, 100) | ||
| Sham vehicle | 6 | 100 (99.5, 100) | 99.5 (98.8, 100) | 99.8 (99.0, 100) | 99.5 (98.9, 100) | ||
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| Hemoglobin, g/dl | |||||||
| HI GNX | 7 | 6.9 (6.1, 8.4) | 7.1 (6.1, 8.5) | 7.3 (6.7, 8.7) | 6.3 (5.8, 6.3) | 7.6 (5.8, 7.7) | 7.9 (6.8, 8.7) |
| HI vehicle | 7 | 7.7 (6.8, 8.9) | 8.0 (7.4, 9.1) | 8.7 (7.5, 9.1) | 7.0 (6.4, 7.8) | 7.8 (6.8, 8.8) | 8.2 (7.8, 9.5) |
| Sham GNX | 6 | 7.1 (6.7, 8.1) | 7.6 (6.6, 8.7) | 8.4 (7.2, 9.1) | 8.9 (6.9, 14.3) | ||
| Sham vehicle | 6 | 7.6 (6.7, 8.6) | 8.8 (5.5, 9.1) | 8.5 (6.7, 9.4) | 7.9 (6.0, 9.3) | ||
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| MAP, mmHg | |||||||
| HI GNX | 7 | 75 (64, 78) | 77 (68 84) | 34 (25, 38) | 119 (112, 129)d,†,‡ | 65 (63, 68) | 67 (62, 75) |
| HI vehicle | 7 | 73 (62, 75) | 69 (66, 73) | 25 (16, 48) | 112 (104, 117)‡ | 56 (56, 70) | 63 (59, 73) |
| Sham GNX | 6 | 58 (50, 69) | 60 (51, 88) | 70 (53, 86) | 64 (50, 84) | ||
| Sham vehicle | 6 | 73 (59, 84) | 78 (62, 81) | 84 (67, 94) | 66 (55, 84) | ||
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| HR, bpm | |||||||
| HI GNX | 7 | 171 (152, 188) | 246 (225, 259) | 55 (43, 73) | 274 (226, 297) | 203 (191, 210) | 204 (188, 242) |
| HI vehicle | 7 | 195 (165, 210) | 225 (222, 253) | 42 (13, 62) | 280 (271, 285) | 210 (207, 230) | 210 (150, 227) |
| Sham GNX | 6 | 192 (144, 224) | 185 (147, 223) | 178 (140, 257) | 199 (171, 238) | ||
| Sham vehicle | 6 | 194 (162, 208) | 192 (170, 270) | 205 (170, 258) | 192 (145, 213) | ||
Abbreviations: bpm, beats per minute; HI, hypoxic-ischemic injury; HR, heart rate;MAP, mean arterial blood pressure; paCO2, partial pressure of carbon dioxide; paO2, partial pressure of oxygen; ROSC, return of spontaneous circulation (ROSC 5 min refers to 5 min after ROSC); SaO2, arterial oxygen saturation.
At 42 min of hypoxia, HI GNX piglets were more hypothermic than the HI vehicle piglets (U = 3.5, p = 0.008) by the Mann-Whiney rank sum test.
At ROSC 5 min, there was a significant difference in temperature between groups (H(3) = 9.536, p = 0.023) by the Kruskal-Wallis ANOVA on ranks test, this did not reach significance on post hoc Dunn’s test (p > 0.05).
At ROSC 1 hr, there was a significant difference in pH between groups (H(3) = 8.017, p = 0.046) by Kruskal-Wallis, this did not reach significance on post hoc Dunn’s test (p > 0.05).
At ROSC 5 min, there was a significant difference in MAPs between groups (H(3) = 17.633, p = 0.001). On post hoc pairwise comparisons, the HI GNX group had significantly higher MAPs than sham GNX (p = 0.003) and sham vehicle (p = 0.01). The HI vehicle group also had significantly higher MAPs than sham GNX (p = 0.05) in post hoc pairwise comparisons
p < 0.05 versus sham vehicle in post hoc Dunn’s test;
p < 0.05 versus sham GNX in post hoc Dunn’s test.