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. 2022 Jan 3;23:17. doi: 10.1186/s12891-021-04917-y

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© The Author(s) 2021

Open AccessThis article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/. The Creative Commons Public Domain Dedication waiver (http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/) applies to the data made available in this article, unless otherwise stated in a credit line to the data.

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Fig. 1 — A Left: Intraoperative lateral X-ray image of cervical spine before insertion of prosthesis (Red box: Operational segment with an obvious doom-shape inferior endplate). Right: Intraoperative lateral X-ray image of operational segment after insertion (Red line segment: Max distance between endplate and footprint). B The custom-made titanium implant used in the present study (Arrow: Rings designed as the fixture of implant in biomechanical testing; H: The depth of the inner cavity is designed as 2 mm; *:Porous hydroxyapatite-coated inner surface. C Surgical procedures showing a sequential of exposure and drilling, insertion and closure in layers