Table 1.
Characteristics of study population by sleep quality
| Total (n = 30,872) | Good (n = 20,866) | Poor (n = 10,006) | t, X2, Z/P | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Gender (men,n,%) | 14,347 (46.5) | 10,728 (51.4) | 3619 (36.2) | 631.894/ < 0.001 |
| Age (Mean ± SD, years) | 47.5 ± 13.8 | 45.4 ± 13.4 | 51.8 ± 13.5 | 39.132/ < 0.001 |
| Age group (n,%) ≤ 44 | 12,570 (40.7) | 9797 (47.0) | 2773 (27.7) | 1323.068/ < 0.001 |
| 45–59 | 12,213 (39.6) | 7891 (37.8) | 4322 (43.2) | |
| ≥ 60 | 6089 (19.7) | 3178 (15.2) | 2911 (29.1) | |
| Ethnicity (n,%), Han | 15,318 (49.7) | 10,051 (48.2) | 5267 (52.7) | 89.052/ < 0.001 |
| Kazakh | 10,236 (33.2) | 7282 (34.9) | 2954 (29.6) | |
| Others | 5293 (17.2) | 3520 (16.9) | 1773 (17.7) | |
| Marital status (n,%) unmarried | 2431 (7.9) | 1927 (9.3) | 504 (5.0) | 441.202/ < 0.001 |
| married | 25,571 (83.0) | 17,414 (83.7) | 8157 (81.7) | |
| divorced/widowed | 2790 (9.1) | 1467 (7.1) | 1323 (13.3) | |
| Education (n,%), ≤ primary | 9858 (32.0) | 5999 (28.8) | 3859 (38.6) | 305.939/ < 0.001 |
| Junior high | 11,716 (38.0) | 8372 (40.2) | 3344 (33.5) | |
| ≥ Senior high | 9247 (30.0) | 6460 (31.0) | 2787 (27.9) | |
| Region (n,%), urban | 11,058 (36.2) | 7023 (34.0) | 4035 (40.8) | 143.364/ < 0.001 |
| stock-raising | 3669 (12.0) | 2652 (12.8) | 1017 (10.3) | |
| agricultural | 15,823 (51.8) | 10,974 (53.1) | 4849 (49.0) | |
| Occupation (n,%), mental labour | 8898 (30.2) | 6142 (30.9) | 2756 (28.8) | 14.186/ < 0.001 |
| physical labor | 20,519 (69.8) | 13,704 (69.1) | 6815 (71.2) | |
| Current smokers (n,%) | 7748 (26.3) | 5766 (28.8) | 1982 (20.9) | 207.420/ < 0.001 |
| Current drinkers (n,%) | 2807 (9.2) | 2010 (9.7) | 797 (8.0) | 22.728/ < 0.001 |
| Body mass index (Mean ± SD, kg/m2) | 25.8 ± 4.3 | 25.7 ± 4.2 | 26.1 ± 4.4 | 8.059/ < 0.001 |
| Body mass index ≥ 25 (n,%) | 16,776 (54.9) | 11,101 (53.7) | 5675 (57.2) | 33.796/ < 0.001 |
| Systolic pressure (Median,quartile) | 123 (111, 139) | 122 (111, 137) | 126 (114, 141) | 14.317/ < 0.001 |
| Diastolic pressure (Median,quartile) | 79 (70, 88) | 79 (70, 87) | 80 (71, 88) | 5.801/ < 0.001 |
| Hypertension (n,%) | 11,200 (36.3) | 6816 (32.7) | 4384 (43.8) | 363.582/ < 0.001 |
| Dyslipidemia (n,%) | 9114 (29.6) | 5414 (26.0) | 3700 (37.1) | 395.841/ < 0.001 |
| Diabetes mellitus (n,%) | 3147 (10.2) | 1861 (8.9) | 1286 (12.9) | 114.166/ < 0.001 |
| Coronary heart disease (n,%) | 422 (1.4) | 165 (0.8) | 257 (2.6) | 158.695/ < 0.001 |
| Self-reported stroke (n,%) | 1060 (3.5) | 465 (2.2) | 595 (6.0) | 285.744/ < 0.001 |
| Depression (n,%) | 1202 (3.9) | 332 (1.6) | 870 (8.8) | 916.267/ < 0.001 |
| Anxiety (n,%) | 2170 (7.1) | 556 (2.7) | 1614 (16.2) | 1885.621/ < 0.001 |
| NoSAS score (Median,quartile) | 5 (2, 7) | 5 (2, 7) | 5 (3, 8) | 15.820/ < 0.001 |
| Sleep disordered breathing (n,%) | 7265 (23.5) | 4547 (21.8) | 2718 (27.2) | 108.469/ < 0.001 |
| Physical activity (n,%), low | 4213 (13.9) | 2792 (13.7) | 1421 (14.5) | 8.377/0.015 |
| moderate | 8220 (27.2) | 5500 (26.9) | 2720 (27.7) | |
| high | 17,823 (58.9) | 12,160 (59.5) | 5663 (57.8) | |
| Serum creatinine (Median,quartile) | 69.2 (58.9, 81.0) | 69.5 (59.4, 81.2) | 68.2 (57.8, 80.8) | 5.963/ < 0.001 |
| eGFR (Median,quartile) | 99.9 (83.8, 111.3) | 102.1 (86.2, 113.1) | 95.6 (78.8, 107.1) | 23.266/ < 0.001 |
| Total cholesterol (Median,quartile) | 4.7 (4.0, 5.5) | 4.7 (4.0, 5.5) | 4.8 (4.1, 5.6) | 11.683/ < 0.001 |
| Triglyceride (Median,quartile) | 1.2 (0.9, 1.8) | 1.2 (0.8, 1.7) | 1.3 (0.9, 1.8) | 6.904/ < 0.001 |
| Fasting blood glucose (Median,quartile) | 5.3 (4.8, 5.9) | 5.3 (4.8, 5.8) | 5.4 (4.9, 6.0) | 10.022/ < 0.001 |
eGFR estimated glomerular filtration rate