Table 1.
Baseline demographic and clinical characteristics of the study participants. For continuous variables, results are expressed as mean ± SD
| Cases | Controls | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| All | Female | Male | All | Female | Male | |
| N | 202 | 133 | 69 | 166 | 110 | 56 |
| Age (years) | 75.8 ± 4.4 | 76.1 ± 4.4 | 75.2 ± 4.5 | 75.1 ± 4.1 | 75.5 ± 4.0 | 74.4 ± 4.2 |
| Sex (% female) | 65.8 | - | - | 66.3 | - | - |
| Education level, ≥ secondary school (%) | 29.7 | 30.1 | 29.0 | 31.9 | 31.8 | 32.1 |
| ApoE-ε4+ frequency (%) | 25.7 | 25.6 | 26.1 | 12.0 | 13.6 | 8.9 |
| BMI (kg m-2) | 26.8 ± 4.3 | 26.4 ± 4.6 | 27.6 ± 3.7 | 26.3 ± 3.7 | 26.1 ± 4.2 | 26.7 ± 2.6 |
| Number of medications regularly consumed | 4.9 ± 2.8 | 5.2 ± 2.7 | 4.2 ± 2.7 | 3.9 ± 2.3 | 4.1 ± 2.1 | 3.4 ± 2.7 |
| MMSE (points) | 27.0 ± 2.2 | 27.0 ± 2.2 | 26.9 ± 2.2 | 27.9 ± 1.7 | 27.8 ± 1.8 | 28.2 ± 1.4 |
| BVRT (points) | 10.8 ± 2.1 | 10.6 ± 2.1 | 11.1 ± 2.1 | 11.8 ± 1.9 | 11.6 ± 2.0 | 12.2 ± 1.7 |
| IST (points) | 27.8 ± 5.8 | 27.7 ± 5.7 | 28.0 ± 6.4 | 31.2 ± 6.1 | 31.2 ± 6.4 | 31.1 ± 5.7 |
| TMTA (number of correct displacements per minute) | 24.1 ± 8.0 | 23.5 ± 7.7 | 25.4 ± 8.5 | 29.3 ± 9.3 | 29.1 ± 9.3 | 29.7 ± 9.4 |
| TMTB (number of correct displacements per minute) | 10.0 ± 5.8 | 9.8 ± 5.5 | 10.6 ± 6.5 | 14.5 ± 6.7 | 14.4 ± 6.7 | 14.8 ± 6.6 |
| Glucose (mmol L-1) | 5.5 ± 1.6 | 5.4 ± 1.8 | 5.5 ± 1.3 | 5.1 ± 1.0 | 4.9 ± 0.7 | 5.6 ± 1.4 |
| Creatinine (mmol L-1) | 83.1 ± 22.5 | 75.9 ± 14.2 | 97.0 ± 28.3 | 79.3 ± 18.1 | 73.6 ± 14.9 | 90.7 ± 18.5 |
| Cholesterol (mmol L-1) | 5.8 ± 0.9 | 5.9 ± 0.9 | 5.6 ± 0.9 | 5.8 ± 1.0 | 5.9 ± 1.0 | 5.7 ± 0.9 |
| LDL-C (mmol L-1) | 3.6 ± 0.8 | 3.7 ± 0.8 | 3.6 ± 0.8 | 3.6 ± 0.9 | 3.7 ± 1.0 | 3.6 ± 0.7 |
| HDL-C (mmol L-1) | 1.6 ± 0.4 | 1.7 ± 0.4 | 1.4 ± 0.4 | 1.6 ± 0.4 | 1.6 ± 0.4 | 1.4 ± 0.3 |
| Triglycerides (mmol L-1) | 1.4 ± 0.8 | 1.3 ± 0.7 | 1.4 ± 0.9 | 1.3 ± 0.7 | 1.2 ± 0.5 | 1.4 ± 0.9 |
Abbreviations: ApoE-ε4+, carrier of the ε4 allele of the apolipoprotein E gene; BMI, body mass index; MMSE, Mini-Mental State Examination test; BVRT, Benton Visual Retention Test; IST, Isaac’s Set Test; TMTA, Trail-Making Test part A; TMTB, Trail-Making Test part B; LDL-C, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol; HDL-C, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol.