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. 2022 Jan 4;21:10. doi: 10.1186/s12943-021-01481-w

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© The Author(s) 2022

Open AccessThis article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/. The Creative Commons Public Domain Dedication waiver (http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/) applies to the data made available in this article, unless otherwise stated in a credit line to the data.

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Fig. 3 — circRTN4 promotes PDAC tumor growth and liver metastasis. A-C CircRTN4 knockdown in CFPAC-1 cells inhibited tumor growth. (A) tumor volume and (B) mass of mice subcutaneous xenograft after knockdown of circRTN4 at day 34. (C) Hematoxylin and eosin staining of the subcutaneous xenograft tumors. D CircRTN4 knockdown in mice subcutaneous tumors decreased the cell proliferation marker Ki67 and anti-apoptotic protein Bcl-2 level, revealed by immunohistochemical staining. E CircRTN4 knockdown in mice orthotopic tumors inhibited liver metastasis. Representative images of liver metastasis were shown. Data represent mean ± SD from at least three independent experiments (*p < 0.05; **p < 0.01; ***p < 0.001)