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. 2022 Jan 3;23:1. doi: 10.1186/s12868-021-00688-3

Table 2.

Kelly criteria for CSF rhinorrhoea

CSF leakage classification Description
Grade 0 No CSF rhinorrhoea, confirmed by Valsalva manoeuvre
Grade 1 CSF rhinorrhoea as small as teardrops, confirmed by Valsalva manoeuvre
Grade 2 Moderate CSF rhinorrhoea with obvious saddle septum defect
Grade 3 Major CSF rhinorrhoea, large saddle septal defect