Table 3.
2006 | 2013 | 2017 | |||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Variables | OR | 95% CI | AME | OR | 95% CI | AME | OR | 95% CI | AME |
Sociodemographic | |||||||||
Age | 0.992 | 0.960—1.025 | -0.001c | 1.014 | 0.984—1.044 | 0.002a | 1.000 | 0.973—1.028 | 0.001b |
Middle school or above | 0.846b | 0.737—0.972 | -0.036b | 0.921 | 0.804—1.055 | -0.016 | 1.022 | 0.901—1.158 | 0.004 |
Male | 0.896c | 0.798—1.007 | -0.024c | 0.934 | 0.834—1.046 | -0.013 | 0.981 | 0.879—1.094 | -0.004 |
Married | 0.994 | 0.834—1.183 | -0.001 | 0.915 | 0.772—1.086 | -0.017 | 0.841b | 0.714—0.991 | -0.032b |
Employed | 1.232a | 1.063—1.429 | 0.046a | 1.155b | 1.008—1.322 | 0.029b | 0.958 | 0.855—1.074 | -0.008 |
Rural non-migrant | 1.176b | 1.011—1.369 | 0.035b | 0.892 | 0.767—1.037 | -0.023 | 0.947 | 0.826—1.085 | -0.010 |
Rural migrant | 1.101 | 0.918—1.321 | 0.021 | 1.006 | 0.877—1.155 | 0.001 | 0.911 | 0.799—1.039 | -0.017 |
Self-rated social status | 1.162b | 1.029—1.312 | 0.032b | 1.300a | 1.161—1.457 | 0.052a | 1.194a | 1.066—1.337 | 0.033a |
Q2 | 0.918 | 0.780—1.081 | -0.018 | 0.926 | 0.788—1.089 | -0.015 | 0.963 | 0.832—1.114 | -0.007 |
Q3 | 0.964 | 0.815—1.141 | -0.008 | 0.931 | 0.788—1.101 | -0.014 | 0.912 | 0.788—1.057 | -0.017 |
Q4 | 0.959 | 0.790—1.164 | -0.009 | 0.910 | 0.759—1.090 | -0.019 | 1.069 | 0.905—1.262 | 0.012 |
Central | 1.051 | 0.820—1.346 | 0.011 | 0.804b | 0.674—0.960 | -0.042b | 0.968 | 0.815—1.149 | -0.006 |
West | 1.566a | 1.140—2.150 | 0.095a | 0.672a | 0.532—0.848 | -0.078a | 0.943 | 0.749—1.187 | -0.011 |
Financial protection | |||||||||
Insured status | 1.283a | 1.129—1.458 | 0.054a | 1.574a | 1.329—1.863 | 0.095a | 1.249a | 1.099—1.420 | 0.043a |
Experienced unbearable health expenditure | 0.679a | 0.604—0.764 | -0.085a | 0.718a | 0.638—0.807 | -0.067a | 0.697a | 0.625—0.777 | -0.070a |
Share of GHE in THE | 0.966a | 0.946—0.987 | -0.007a | 1.002 | 0.988—1.016 | 0.000 | 0.997 | 0.982—1.013 | -0.001 |
Accessibility | |||||||||
Hospital Beds/1000 | 1.335c | 0.972—1.834 | 0.062c | 1.058 | 0.905—1.237 | 0.011 | 1.068 | 0.941—1.212 | 0.012 |
Health professionals/1000 | 1.020 | 0.848—1.225 | 0.004 | 1.081a | 1.021—1.145 | 0.015a | 0.978 | 0.883—1.083 | -0.004 |
Perceived quality | |||||||||
Perceived medical safety | 3.399a | 3.031—3.813 | 0.286a | 2.494a | 2.223—2.798 | 0.199a | 2.886a | 2.581—3.227 | 0.228a |
Province socioeconomic factors | |||||||||
Log GDP per capita | 0.893 | 0.555—1.438 | -0.024 | 0.382a | 0.265—0.549 | -0.190a | 0.911 | 0.711—1.168 | -0.018 |
Population over 65 years old | 0.995 | 0.949—1.044 | -0.001 | 1.091a | 1.042—1.143 | 0.017a | 0.993 | 0.952—1.035 | -0.001 |
Log Gov spending per capita | 0.707 | 0.387—1.292 | -0.075 | 1.157 | 0.881—1.520 | 0.029 | 1.122 | 0.868—1.450 | 0.022 |
Observations | 7,054 | 10,116 | 9,552 |
a, b and c denote statistical significance at the 1%, 5%, and 10% level, respectively. AME is the average marginal effect. Data is weighted to yield nationally representative estimates. An increase of quartile corresponds to a progressive increase in household income quartiles. Q1, the urban area and the east region are used as reference groups