Table 5.

Change in intelligence (WASI), verbal memory (CVLT-II), and executive function (D-KEFS CWIT) scores and weight over 12-months of follow up for non-surgical and surgical groups

12M-BL change	Non-surgical (n = 14)	Surgical (n = 21)	p	Effect size
WASI
Matrix reasoning	− 3 (− 8.0–1.5) (n = 13)	0 (− 5.5–2.0) (n = 20)	0.35	r = − 0.16
Vocabulary	3.2 (± 2.0) (n = 13)	3.2 (± 2.3) (n = 19)	0.98	d = 0.005
CVLT-II
Short term recall	5.0 (0.3–14.3)	3.0 (0–9.5)	0.40	r = 0.14
Short-delay free recall	4.3 (± 2.0)	0 (± 2.2)	0.17	d = 0.49
Long-delay free recall	0 (− 6.3–5.0)	5.0 (0–7.5)	0.18	r = − 0.23
DKEFS CWIT
Inhibition completion time	3.0 (− 3.0–10.0) (n = 13)	4 (2.3–7.0) (n = 18)	0.81	r = − 0.04
Inhibition/switching completion time	3.0 (− 3.0–6.8) (n = 12)	3.0 (0–14.5) (n = 16)	0.28	r = − 0.20
Weight change
Change in BMI (kg/m2)	0.3 (1.7–[− 1.1])	− 14.1 (− 9.1–[− 15.7])	<0.0001	r = − 0.79
Change in % expected BMI	− 2.7 (2.0–[− 7.8])	− 58.8 (− 44.0–[− 73.2])	< 0.0001	r = − 0.71

Mean and standard errors with t-test p values and median and interquartile range with Wilcoxon rank sum test p values are presented for parametric and non-parametric values, respectively

Abbreviations: WASI the Wechsler Abbreviated Scale of Intelligence, CVLT-II: California Verbal Learning Test—Second Edition, D-KEFS CWIT Delis-Kaplan Executive Function System Color-Word Interference Test