Table 1.
Characteristics of the study samples
| Participant characteristics | Total (n = 114) |
With PTSD (n = 41) |
Without PTSD (n = 73) |
OR (95% CI) |
p |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Demographics | |||||
| Age (years) | 40 (31.75–50.25) | 46 (36.5–55.5) | 39 (29.5–46) | 1.03 (1.00–1.06) | 0.047* |
| Gender | 0.031* | ||||
| Male | 61 (53.5) | 17 (41.5) | 44 (60.3) | 1 | |
| Female | 53 (46.5) | 24 (58.5) | 29 (39.7) | 2.37 (1.08–5.19) | |
| Marital status | 0.571 | ||||
| Unmarried or divorced | 25 (21.9) | 8 (19.5) | 17 (23.3) | 1 | |
| Married | 89 (78.1) | 33 (80.5) | 56 76.7) | 0.43 (0.02–8.04) | |
| Education | |||||
| High school or below | 40 (35.1) | 19 (46.4) | 21 (28.7) | 9.95 (1.17–84.5) | 0.035* |
| Bachelor’s degree | 62 (54.4) | 21 (51.2) | 41 (56.2) | 5.63 (0.68–46.63) | 0.109 |
| Master’s or above | 12 (10.5) | 1 (2.4) | 11 (15.1) | 1 | |
| Clinical characteristics | |||||
| Comorbidity of physical disorder | 0.263 | ||||
| Yes | 37 (32.5) | 16 (39.0) | 21 (28.8) | 1 | |
| No | 77 (67.5) | 25 (61.0) | 52 (71.2) | 0.63 (0.28–1.41) | |
| Comorbidity of mental disorder | 0.848 | ||||
| Yes | 5 (4.4) | 2 (4.9) | 3 (4.1) | 1 | |
| No | 109 (95.6) | 39 (95.1) | 70 (95.9) | 0.84 (0.13–5.12) | |
| Duration of hospitalization (days) | 17.4 ± 7.7 | 17.62 ± 7.99 | 17.10 ± 7.20 | ||
| Severity of pneumonia | 0.728 | ||||
| Mild | 103 (90.4) | 38 (92.7) | 65 (89.0) | 1 | |
| Severe | 11 (9.6) | 3 (7.3) | 8 (11.0) | 1.56 (0.39–6.23) | |
| Isolation site | 0.760 | ||||
| Centralized isolation | 59 (51.8) | 22 (53.7) | 37 (50.7) | 1 | |
| Home isolation | 55 (48.2) | 19 (46.3) | 36 (49.3) | 1.13 (0.52–2.24) | |
| Mental status during hospitalization | |||||
| PHQ-9 | 4 (1–7) | 6 (3.5–16) | 2 (1–6) | 1.17 (1.08–1.28) | < 0.001 |
| GAD-7 | 4 (1–7) | 7 (4–13) | 2 (0–6) | 1.26 (1.14–1.40) | < 0.001 |
| COVID-19 Supportive Care Questionnaire | |||||
| The healthcare workers provided me with detailed information of my treatment plan | 3.03 ± 0.85 | 2.88 ± 0.68 | 3.11 ± 0.92 | 0.72 (0.46–1.41) | 0.163 |
| The healthcare workers provided me with detailed descriptions of my health condition | 3.19 ± 0.73 | 3.05 ± 1.05 | 3.32 ± 0.71 | 0.51 (0.30–0.90) | 0.019* |
| When I had questions, I took the initiative to ask the medical staff | 3.31 ± 0.65 | 3.10 ± 0.74 | 3.42 ± 0.58 | 0.45 (0.25–0.84) | 0.012* |
| When I had concerns, the medical staff listened to me and gave me timely feedback | 3.26 ± 0.73 | 3.15 ± 0.69 | 3.33 ± 0.75 | 0.71 (0.42–1.21) | 0.205 |
| The hospital met my daily needs in time during my stay in the hospital | 3.56 ± 0.53 | 3.54 ± 0.55 | 3.58 ± 0.53 | 0.61 (0.31–1.17) | 0.134 |
| The medical staff met my treatment needs in time during my stay in the hospital | 3.50 ± 0.58 | 3.39 ± 0.63 | 3.56 ± 0.55 | 0.87 (0.43–1.79) | 0.708 |
| When I felt stressed or worried, I took the initiative to ask someone for help (including family members, medical staff, etc.) | 3.02 ± 0.94 | 2.83 ± 0.95 | 3.12 ± 0.93 | 0.72 (0.48–1.08) | 0.112 |
| When I felt stressed or worried, the medical staff provided emotional support in time | 3.11 ± 0.74 | 2.88 ± 0.71 | 3.25 ± 0.72 | 0.48 (0.28–0.85) | 0.015* |
| I kept a regular daily routine during quarantine, such as eating, exercising and sleeping on time | 3.24 ± 0.66 | 3.24 ± 0.70 | 3.23 ± 0.64 | 1.03 (0.57–1.84) | 0.931 |
| I talked with my loved ones or friends every day, such as talking about my troubles or sharing interesting things | 3.29 ± 0.62 | 3.17 ± 0.63 | 3.36 ± 0.61 | 0.61 (0.33–1.15) | 0.129 |
Note: Data are shown as median (interquartile range), n (%) or mean ± SD.
n, number of participants; PTSD, post-traumatic stress disorder; OR, odds ratio; CI, confidence interval; PHQ-9, 9-item Patient Health Questionnaire; GAD-7, 7-item Generalized Anxiety Disorder scale; COVID-19, coronavirus disease 2019.
*p < 0.05.