Table 3.

Some narrative examples in our data set, based on 65 recorded instances.

Narrative valence	AIa assistance context	Non-AI assistance context
	Diagnosis experience with AI assistance	Diagnosis experience with live patients	Diagnosis experience with HPSb
Positive comments	“I don’t feel like I am under pressure and can do it at my own pace”	“interaction, being able to gauge the patient, reading facial expressions, immediate feedback”	“Very realistic, lifelike scenarios”
Negative comments	“not having an orientation on how to work the system (first time user)”	“I'm not an actor, and it felt like acting; immediate feedback”	“being watched through a one-way mirror”

^aAI: artificial intelligence.

^bHPS: human patient simulator. It is worth nothing that the clinicians recorded their retrospective experience with the HPS, as it was not used in the graduate program.