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. 2021 Dec 20;23(12):e31545. doi: 10.2196/31545

Table 3.

Design effect by subpopulations.

Demographics DEFFa
Gender

Female 1.29

Male 1.38
Age (years)

18 to 24 1.60

25 to 29 1.25

30 to 34 1.27
Race or ethnicity

Asian, non-Latino 1.29

Black, non-Latino 1.50

Latino 1.25

Other, non-Latino 1.08

White, non-Latino 1.28
Education

<HSb 1.11

HS or GEDc 1.10

Some college 1.93

BAd or BSe 0.96
Overall 1.28

aDEFF: design effect.

bHS: high school.

cGED: General Education Development.

dBA: Bachelor of Arts.

eBS: Bachelor of Science.