Table 2.

Adaptations of the United States Department of Agriculture Automated Multiple-Pass Method in the interview structure for the Image-Assisted mobile Food Record 24-Hour Recall interview.

Automated Multiple-Pass Method steps	Aim	Image-Assisted mobile Food Record 24-Hour Recall steps
		When image is taken	When image is not taken
Step 1: quick list	The purpose of the quick list pass is to obtain a quick report of foods and beverages consumed in the past 24 hours without interrupting the respondent and to introduce the respondent to the concept of 24-hour recall.	Taken from the mini label and image provided by the participant; participant is asked to list any foods and beverages consumed that are not shown in images.	Participant is asked to list all foods and beverages consumed that are not shown in images.
Step 2: forgotten foods list and additions	The forgotten foods list prompts the respondent’s memory and collects other foods or beverages that are not reported in the quick list.	Participants are asked if they consumed items from a list of commonly forgotten foods.	Participants are asked if they consumed items from a list of commonly forgotten foods.
Step 3: time and occasion	The time and occasion of food or beverages consumed are recorded.	This does not require a separate pass. Time of eating is taken from the image metadata.	Ask participant to recall time and occasion of forgotten foods when item is reported.
Step 4: detail cycle	The aim of this step is to collect specific descriptive information about each food item and beverage reported and record quantities and any additions made to the food.	Clarify only nonidentifiable food and beverage items; follow the Australian Health Survey food model booklet to confirm amounts consumed; and check the after image for leftovers.	Use food-specific probes to obtain details; follow the Australian Health Survey food model booklet to confirm amounts consumed; and probe leftovers.
Step 5: final probe	This is the last opportunity for the respondent to remember any new foods and beverages.	Read out the list of food and beverage items.	Read out the list of food and beverage items.