Figure 1.

SOC-induced stress increases molecular markers of stress and fasting blood glucose levels in a microbiota dependent manner. Mice were subjected to SOC or normal housing for 19 weeks with or without antibiotic treatment, as presented in (a). Corticosterone serum level was analyzed by ELISA (b). Body weight over time of untreated mice (c) and antibiotic treated mice (d); initial body weight to final body weight ratio (e). Epididymal white adipose tissue weight (f); 15 hr fasting blood glucose level after 17 weeks of SOC housing (g), and food intake (h) after 19 weeks of SOC housing. Data are the means ± SEM and points represent individual mice (N = 20). Significance was determined using Kruskal-Wallis corrected for multiple comparisons with a Dunn’s test, or Brown-Forsythe and Welch ANOVA corrected for multiple comparisons with a Dunnett test, or one-way ANOVA corrected for multiple comparisons with a Bonferroni test or a two-way ANOVA corrected for multiple comparisons with a Bonferroni test (*p ≤ 0,05; ***p ≤ 0,001; n.s. indicates nonsignificant)