Table 1.
TRACK-TBI patient characteristics by BSI status
| n (%) or mean (SD) | BSI status |
|||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| BSI− | BSI+ | p value | ||
| Participants, n | 58 | 29 | 29 | |
| Age (year) | ||||
| Mean (SD) | 49.1 (19.5) | 49.0 (19.5) | 49.2 (19.8) | 0.96 |
| 18–34, n (%) | 16 (28) | 8 (28) | 8 (28) | 1.00 |
| 35–64, n (%) | 29 (50) | 15 (53) | 14 (48) | |
| 65+, n (%) | 13 (22) | 6 (21) | 7 (24) | |
| Sex [n (%)] | ||||
| Male | 52 (90) | 26 (90) | 26 (90) | 1.00 |
| Female | 6 (10) | 3 (10) | 3 (10) | |
| Education | ||||
| Mean (SD) | 12.6 (2.4) | 12.6 (2.4) | 12.6 (2.6) | 0.83 |
| Less than high school, n (%) | 15 (26) | 8 (28) | 7 (24) | 1.00 |
| High school only, n (%) | 14 (24) | 7 (24) | 7 (24) | |
| Some college, n (%) | 17 (29) | 9 (31) | 8 (28) | |
| Unknown, n (%) | 12 (21) | 5 (17) | 7 (24) | |
| Insurance, n (%) | ||||
| Private insurance/Medicare | 33 (57) | 15 (53) | 18 (62) | 0.60 |
| Medicaid/other | 3 (5) | 1 (3) | 2 (7) | |
| Seif-pay | 10 (17) | 6 (21) | 4 (14) | |
| Unknown | 12 (21) | 7 (24) | 5 (17) | |
| Admission GCS | ||||
| Mean (SD) | 5.4 (3.9) | 5.4 (3.9) | 5.4 (3.9) | 1.00 |
| Severe (3–8), n (%) | 46 (79) | 23 (79) | 23 (80) | 1.00 |
| Moderate (9–12), n (%) | 2 (3) | 1 (3) | 1 (3) | |
| Mild (13–15), n (%) | 8 (14) | 4 (14) | 4 (14) | |
| Unknown, n (%) | 2 (3) | 1 (3) | 1 (3) | |
| Hypoxia, n (%) | ||||
| No | 50 (86) | 25 (86) | 25 (86) | 1.00 |
| Yes | 8 (14) | 4 (14) | 4 (14) | |
| Hypotension, n (%) | ||||
| No | 48 (83) | 25 (86) | 23 (80) | 0.73 |
| Yes | 10 (17) | 4 (14) | 6 (20) | |
| Required neuromonitoring, n (%) | ||||
| No | 19 (33) | 12 (41) | 7 (24) | 0.26 |
| Yes | 39 (67) | 17 (59) | 22 (76) | |
| ISS nonhead | ||||
| Mean (SD) | 7.0 (6.3) | 6.0 (6.2) | 7.9 (6.3) | 0.21 |
| 0–3, n(%) | 25 (43) | 15 (52) | 10 (34) | 0.49 |
| 4–8, n (%) | 10 (17) | 4 (14) | 6 (21) | |
| 9+, n (%) | 20 (34) | 9 (31) | 11 (38) | |
| Unknown, n (%) | 3 (5) | 1 (3) | 2 (7) | |
| Hematocrit, n (%) | ||||
| <21 | 50 (86) | 24 (83) | 26 (90) | 0.71 |
| 21+ | 8 (14) | 5 (17) | 3 (10) | |
| Hemoglobin, n (%) | ||||
| <7 | 51 (88) | 22 (76) | 25 (86) | 0.50 |
| 7+ | 7 (12) | 7 (24) | 4 (14) | |
| Withdrawal of life-sustaining measureswithin 5 days, n (%) | ||||
| No | 51 (88) | 26 (90) | 25 (86) | 1.00 |
| Yes | 7 (12) | 3 (10) | 4 (14) | |
Comparison of the distribution of patients with and without BSI on initial CT imaging within demographic groups of interest. Statistical comparison by Fisher’s exact and Mann–Whitney U-tests as appropriate
BSI, brainstem injury, BSI−, cerebrum injuries only, BSI+, brainstem and cerebrum injury, CT, computed tomography, GCS, Glasgow Coma Scale, ISS, injury severity score, SD, standard deviation, TBI, traumatic brain injury, TRACK-TBI, Transforming Research and Clinical Knowledge in Traumatic Brain Injury