Gel filtration to assess LigI-PCNA-DNA complex monodispersity and stoichiometry a. An equimolar mixture of LigI, PCNA, and non-ligatable nicked DNA eluted as a single peak (brown trace). A mixture containing excess LigI produced a second, smaller peak (purple trace) that corresponds to LigI alone. b. SEC-MALS determined correct molar masses of PCNA (green trace), LigI-DNA (blue trace), LigI-PCNA (black trace) and LigI-PCNA-DNA (red trace), confirming equimolar stoichiometry. c. SDS-PAGE (left) and agarose (right) gels identifying LigI, PCNA and DNA within the peak gel filtration fractions.