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. 2021 Dec 27;13(12):2024–2038. doi: 10.4254/wjh.v13.i12.2024

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©The Author(s) 2021. Published by Baishideng Publishing Group Inc. All rights reserved.

This article is an open-access article that was selected by an in-house editor and fully peer-reviewed by external reviewers. It is distributed in accordance with the Creative Commons Attribution NonCommercial (CC BY-NC 4.0) license, which permits others to distribute, remix, adapt, build upon this work non-commercially, and license their derivative works on different terms, provided the original work is properly cited and the use is non-commercial. See: http://creativecommons.org/Licenses/by-nc/4.0/

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Schematic representation of role of farnesoid X receptor in hepatocyte. Bile acids are transported into the hepatocyte by NTCP. De novo synthesis of bile acids from cholesterol is mediated by CYP7A1. Bile acids and farnesoid X receptor (FXR) interact and enter the nucleus to promote expression of bile salt export protein and short heterodimer partner (SHP). SHP suppresses expression of NTCP and CYP7A1. FXR also induces FGF-19 in ileal enterocytes which inhibits CYP7A1 via FGFR4. ASBT: Apical sodium bile transporter, BSEP: Bile salt export pump; FGF-19: Fibroblast growth factor-19; FGFR-4: Fibroblast growth factor receptor-4; FXR: Farnesoid X receptor; NTCP: Na+-taurocholate co-transporting polypeptide; OST α/β: Organic solute transporter; RXR: Retinoid X receptor; SHP: Short heterodimer partner.