Table 2.
Proportion of records supporting each theme from the various perspectives.
| Major themes | Sub themes | Description | Perspective | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
I (n = 71) |
F (n = 19) |
H (n = 21) |
C (n = 3) |
|||
| Psychosocial impact | Negative psychological impact | Negative psychological impact of labelling | 51 (72%) |
10 (53%) |
7 (33%) |
0 |
| Positive psychological impact | Positive psychological impact of labelling | 43 (61%) |
5 (26%) |
4 (19%) |
0 | |
| Mixed psychological impact | Both positive and negative impact of labelling | 9 (13%) |
3 (16%) |
2 (10%) |
0 | |
| Psychological adaptation | Psychological adaptation to label and coping strategies/mechanisms | 37 (52%) |
8 (42%) |
1 (5%) |
0 | |
| Self-Identity | Changes to self-identity following provision of label (can be positive or negative) |
31 (44%) |
0 | 0 | 0 | |
| Social identity | Changes to social identity as a result of label, including becoming a member/mentor of a support group | 28 (39%) |
6 (32%) |
3 (14%) |
2 (67%) |
|
| Social stigma | Perceptions/assumptions of others toward individual labelled | 23 (32%) |
5 (26%) |
2 (10%) |
1 (33%) |
|
| Medicalisation | Asymptomatic label and understanding/perception of symptoms | 18 (25%) |
4 (21%) |
6 (29%) |
0 | |
| Support | Close relationships | Managing relationships and interactions; support required, offered, and accepted following labelling | 13 (18%) |
8 (42%) |
3 (14%) |
0 |
| Healthcare professionals interactions/relationships | Interactions with healthcare professionals; support provided; explanations | 32 (45%) |
5 (26%) |
13 (62%) |
0 | |
| Emotional support reduced/limited | Emotional support lost as a result of label or support absent but perceived to be required | 26 (37%) |
3 (16%) |
0 | 1 (33%) |
|
| Emotional support increased/maintained | Emotional support maintained or increased as a result of label | 19 (27%) |
5 (26%) |
2 (10%) |
1 (33%) |
|
| Disclosure | Fear and methods of disclosing label to others (friends/family/employers/colleagues) | 26 (37%) |
3 (16%) |
3 (14%) |
0 | |
| Secondary gain | Gains from label | 5 (7%) |
0 | 4 (19%) |
0 | |
| Future planning | Action | Forward planning and decision making as a result of label | 12 (17%) |
3 (16%) |
3 (14%) |
0 |
| Uncertainty | Questions regarding future health and lifestyle | 20 (28%) |
4 (21%) |
0 | 0 | |
| Behaviour | Beneficial behaviour modifications | Behaviour modification/changes as a result of label beneficial to overall health and well-being | 21 (30%) |
1 (5%) |
2 (10%) |
0 |
| Detrimental/unhelpful behaviour modifications | Behaviour modification/changes as a result of label unhelpful/restrictive to overall health and well-being | 23 (32%) |
9 (47%) |
3 (14%) |
1 (33%) |
|
| Treatment expectations | Positive treatment experiences | Perceptions of treatment/intervention (and outcomes) to be positive/beneficial |
20 (28%) |
1 (5%) |
3 (14%) |
0 |
| Negative treatment experiences | Perceptions of treatment/intervention (and outcomes) to be negative/unhelpful | 30 (42%) |
5 (26%) |
4 (19%) |
1 (33%) |
|
I, Individual perspective; F, Family/Caregiver perspective; H, Healthcare professional perspective; C, Community perspective; Shaded cells represent the numbers of studies that contribute to that theme, Unshaded cells, 0% of studies; Red cells, 1–24% of studies; Yellow cells, 25–49% of studies; Green cells, >50% of studies; one study could reference multiple themes and/or perspectives; Numbers and proportions of studies referenced in the results are calculated from included studies/reviews, with the final third of included studies not included in these tallies.