Table 3.
Themes and subthemes supported by each record.
| References (population) | Condition* (Scr, Sym, NR, Mix) | Psychosocial impact | Support | Future planning | Behaviour | Treatment expectations | |||||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Negative psychological | Positive psychological | Mixed psychological | Psychological adaptation | Self-identity | Social identity | Social stigma | Medicalisation | Close relationships | Healthcare professionals |
Reduced limited |
Increased maintained | Disclosure | Secondary gain | Action | Uncertainty | Beneficial modifications | Detrimental modifications | Positive experiences | Negative experiences | ||
| Cardiovascular disease | |||||||||||||||||||||
| Asif et al. (46) (I) | Cardiac conditions (Scr) | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ||||||||
| Chronic kidney disease | |||||||||||||||||||||
| Daker-White et al. (47) (I) | Chronic kidney disease (Sym) | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ||||||||||||||||
| Diabetes | |||||||||||||||||||||
| Twohig et al. (48) (I) | Pre-diabetes (Sym) | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ||||||||||||
| Burch et al. (49) (H) | Pre-diabetes (NR) | ✓ | ✓ | ||||||||||||||||||
| de Oliveira et al. (50) (I) | Diabetes (NR) | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | |||||||||||||
| Due-Christensen et al. (51) (I) | Type 1 diabetes (NR) | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ||||||||||
| Sato et al. (52) (I) | Type 1 diabetes (NR) | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | |||||||||||||
| Jackson et al. (53) (F) | Type 1 diabetes (Sym) | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ||||||||||||||||
| Fharm et al. (54) (H) | Type 2 diabetes (NR) | ✓ | ✓ | ||||||||||||||||||
| Kaptein et al. (55) (I) | GDM (Scr) | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ||||||||||||||||
| Singh et al. (56) (I) | GDM (Scr) | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | |||||||||||||||
| Female reproduction | |||||||||||||||||||||
| Copp et al. (57) (I) | PCOS (Sym) | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ||||||
| Copp et al. (58) (H) | PCOS (Sym) | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ||||||||||
| Newton et al. (59) (I) | Pelvic inflammatory disease (NR) | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ||||||||||||
| O'Brien et al. (60) (I) | Anti-Mullerian hormone testing (Scr) | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ||||||||||||||
| Patterson et al. (61) (I) | MRKH (Sym) | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | |||||||||
| Harris et al. (62) (I) | Pre-eclampsia (Scr) | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | |||||||||||||
| Genome/Chromosome | |||||||||||||||||||||
| Delaporte (63) (I, H) | Facioscapulohumeral dystrophy (Sym) | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | |||||||||||||||
| Houdayer et al. (64) (F, H) | Chromosomal abnormalities (Scr) | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | |||||||||||||||||
| HIV/AIDS | |||||||||||||||||||||
| McGrath et al. (65) (I, F) | AIDS (NR) | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | |||||||||||||||||
| Anderson et al. (66) (I) | HIV (NR) | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ||||||||||||||
| Freeman (67) (I) | HIV (NR) | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ||||||||||||||
| Kako et al. (68) (I) | HIV (NR) | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | |||||||||||||||
| Kako et al. (69) (I) | HIV (NR) | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | |||||||||||||
| Stevens et al. (70) (I) | HIV (NR) | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | |||||||||||||||||
| Firn and Norman (71) (I, H) | HIV/AIDS (NR) | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | |||||||||||||||||
| Immune system | |||||||||||||||||||||
| Hale et al. (72) (I) | Systemic lupus erythematosus (Sym) | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ||||||||||||||||
| Infectious/Parasitic | |||||||||||||||||||||
| Almeida et al. (73) (I) | Leprosy (NR) | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | |||||||||||||||||
| Silveira et al. (74) (I) | Leprosy (NR) | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ||||||||||||||
| Zuniga et al. (75) (I) | Tuberculosis (NR) | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | |||||||||||||||||
| Dodor et al. (76) (I, C) | Tuberculosis (NR) | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ||||||||||||||||
| Metabolic | |||||||||||||||||||||
| Bouwman et al. (77) (I) | Fabry disease (NR) | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | |||||||||||||||
| Musculoskeletal | |||||||||||||||||||||
| Erskine et al. (78) (I) | Psoriatic arthritis (Sym) | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ||||||||||||||
| Martindale and Goodacre (79) (I) | Axial spondyloartritis (Sym) | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ||||||||||||||||
| Hopayian and Notley (80) (I) | Back pain and sciatica (Sym) | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | |||||||||||||||
| Barker et al. (81) (I) | Osteoporosis (Mix) | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ||||||||
| Hansen et al. (82) (I) | Osteoporosis (NR) | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | |||||||||||||
| Weston et al. (83) (I) | Osteoporosis (Scr) | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ||||||||||||
| Boulton (84) (I) | Fibromyalgia (Sym) | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | |||||||||||||||||
| Madden Sim (85) (I) | Fibromyalgia (Sym) | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ||||||||||||
| Mengshoel et al. (86) (I) | Fibromyalgia (Sym) | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ||||||||
| Raymond and Brown (87) (I) | Fibromyalgia (Sym) | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ||||||||||||||
| Sim Madden y (88) (I) | Fibromyalgia (Sym) | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | |||||
| Undeland and Malterud (89) (I) | Fibromyalgia (Sym) | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | |||||||||||||
| Nervous system | |||||||||||||||||||||
| Chew-Graham et al. (90) and Zarotti et al. (94) (H) | CFS/ME (Sym) | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | |||||||||||||||
| Hannon et al. (91) (I, F, H) | CFS/ME (Sym) | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | |||||||||||||
| De Silva et al. (92) (I, F, H, C) | CFS (Sym) | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | |||||||||||||||||
| Johnston et al. (93) (I) | MND (Sym) | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | |||||||||||||||||
| Zarotti et al. (94) (H) | MND (Sym) | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ||||||||||||||||
| Johnson (95) (I) | Multiple sclerosis (Sym) | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ||||||||||||||
| Thompson et al. (96) (I) | Non-epileptic seizures (Sym) | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ||||||||||||||
| Wyatt et al. (97) (I, F) | Non-epileptic attack disorder (Sym) | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ||||||||||||||
| Neurological | |||||||||||||||||||||
| Nochi (98) (I) | Traumatic brain injury (Sym) | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | |||||||||||||||
| Daker-White et al. (99) (I, F) | Progressive ataxias (Sym) | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | |||||||||||||
| Newborn/Foetal | |||||||||||||||||||||
| Hallberg et al. (100) (F) | 22q11 Deletion syndrome (Scr) | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ||||||||||
| Johnson et al. (101) (F) | Cystic fibrosis (Scr) | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | |||||||||||
| Dahlen et al. (102) (H) | GORD/GERD (Sym) | ✓ | ✓ | ||||||||||||||||||
| Sleep-Wake disorder | |||||||||||||||||||||
| Zarhin (103) (I) | Obstructive sleep apnoea (Sym) | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | |||||||||||||||||
| Sexually transmitted | |||||||||||||||||||||
| Mills et al. (104) (I) | Chlamydia trachomatis (Scr) | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | |||||||||||||
| Rodriguez et al. (105) (I) | HPV (NR) | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | |||
| Multiple physical diagnoses | |||||||||||||||||||||
| Kralik et al. (106) (I) | Chronic illness, diabetes (Sym) | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ||||||||||||
| Bipolar disorder | |||||||||||||||||||||
| Fernandes et al. (107) (I) | Bipolar (Sym) | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | |||||
| Proudfoot et al. (108) (I) | Bipolar (Sym) | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | |||||||||||
| Depression | |||||||||||||||||||||
| Wisdom and Green (109) (I) | Depression (Sym) | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | |||||||||||
| Chew-Graham et al. (110) (H) | Depression (Sym) | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ||||||||||||||||
| Neurocognitive | |||||||||||||||||||||
| Beard and Fox (111) (I) | AD; MCI (Sym) | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | |||||||||||||
| Bamford et al. (112) (I, F, H) | Dementia (Sym) | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ||||||||||
| Bunn et al. (113) (I, F) | Dementia (Sym) | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ||||||||||||
| Robinson et al. (114) (I, F) | AD; Dementia (Sym) | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | |||||||||||
| Ducharme et al. (115) (F) | AD (Sym) | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ||||||||||||
| Abe et al. (116) (H) | Dementia (Sym) | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | |||||||||||||||||
| Phillips et al. (117) (H) | Dementia (Sym) | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ||||||||||||||
| Walmsley and McCormack (118) (H) | Dementia (Sym) | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ||||||||||||||
| Werner and Doron (119) (H, C) | AD (Sym) | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | |||||||||||||||
| Neurodevelopmental | |||||||||||||||||||||
| Carr-Fanning and Mc Guckin (120) (I, F) | ADHD (Sym) | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ||||||||||||||
| Mogensen and Mason (121) (I) | ASD (Sym) | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ||||||||||||
| Fleischmann (122) (F) | ASD (Sym) | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | |||||||||||||||
| Hildalgo et al. (123) (F) | ASD (Sym) | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | |||||||||||||||||
| Loukisas and Papoudi (124) (F) | ASD (Sym) | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ||||||||||
| Selman et al. (125) (F) | ASD (Sym) | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | |||||||||||||
| Smith et al. (126) (I, F) | ASD (Sym) | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ||||||||||||||||
| Obsessive compulsive disorder | |||||||||||||||||||||
| Pedley et al. (127) (F) | OCD (Sym) | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ||||||||||||||||
| Peri/Postnatal anxiety and/or depression | |||||||||||||||||||||
| Ford et al. (128) (H) | Perinatal anxiety and depression (Scr) | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ||||||||||||||||
| Chew-Graham et al. (129) (H) | Postnatal depression (Sym) | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ||||||||||||||||
| Personality disorder | |||||||||||||||||||||
| Horn et al. (130) (I) | BPD (Sym) | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ||||||||||||||
| Lester et al. (131) (I) | BPD (Sym) | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | |||||||||||||||
| Nehls (132) (I) | BPD (Sym) | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ||||||||||||||||
| Schizophrenia/Psychotic disorder | |||||||||||||||||||||
| Thomas et al. (133) (I) | Schizophrenia (Sym) | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ||||||||||||
| Welsh and Tiffin (134) (I) | At-Risk psychosis (Sym) | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | |||||||||||||||
| Welsh and Tiffin (135) (H) | At-Risk mental state (Sym) | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ||||||||||||||||
| Multiple psychological diagnoses | |||||||||||||||||||||
| Hayne (136) (I) | Mental illness (Sym) | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ||||||||||||
| McCormack and Thomson (137) (I) | Depression, PTSD (Sym) | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ||||||||||||
| O'Connor et al. (138) (I) | ADHD, AN, ASD, depression, developmental coordination disorder, non-epileptic seizures (Sym) | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ||||
| Probst (139) (I) | ADHD, AN, anxiety, ASD, bipolar disorder, depression, dissociative identity disorder, dysthymia, PTSD (Sym) | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ||||||||||||
| Schulze et al. (140) (I) | Schizophrenia, BPD (Sym) | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | |||||||||||||||
| Sun et al. (141) (H) | Psychiatric diagnoses (Sym) | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | |||||||||||||||
| Perkins et al. (31) (I, F, H) | Anxiety, AN, bipolar disorder, BPD, depression, personality disorder, psychosis, schizophrenia (Sym) | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ||||||||
| Totals | 67 | 49 | 14 | 45 | 31 | 38 | 30 | 28 | 24 | 47 | 30 | 26 | 31 | 9 | 19 | 24 | 24 | 34 | 25 | 41 | |
I, Individual perspective; F, Family/Caregiver perspective; H, Healthcare professional perspective; C, Community perspective; Cells with “✓” indicate theme explicitly mentioned in the study; Blank cells indicate theme not explicitly mentioned in the study; one study could reference multiple themes and/or perspectives; *Conditions organised according to the International Classification of Diseases 11th edition; Scr, Condition identified through screening; Sym, Condition identified through symptoms; NR, Condition identification methods not reported; Mix, Multiple condition identification methods; GDM, Gestational diabetes mellitus; GERD, Gastro-oesophageal reflux disorder; PCOS, Polycystic ovary syndrome; MRKH, Mayer-Rokitansky-Kuster-Hauser syndrome; HIV, Human immunodeficiency virus; AIDS, Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome; CFS, Chronic fatigue syndrome; ME, Myalgic encephalitis; MND, Motor neuron disease; HPV, Human papillomavirus; OCD, Obsessive compulsive disorder; AD, Alzheimer's disease; MCI, Mild cognitive impairment; ADHD, Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder; ASD, Autism spectrum disorder; BPD, Borderline personality disorder; PTSD, Posttraumatic stress disorder; AN, Anorexia nervosa.